New Chitosan/Poly(ethylene oxide)/Thyme Nanofiber Prepared by Electrospinning Method for Antimicrobial Wound Dressing

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Malek Ashtar University, Tehran, Iran

2 Nano Science Center, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

3 Neuroscience Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

A new natural and environmental friendly wound dressing was introduced for the first time that was prepared by electrospinning method. This new wound dressing has chitosan base, and poly (ethylene oxide) was added as co-spinning agent to improve spinnability of chitosan. Moreover, thyme extract as a natural antibacterial additive was introduced in the as electrospun nanofibers scaffold in order to increase those wound healing properties. Some parameters of electrospinning such as feed rate, nozzle-collector distance, voltage and content of thyme extract in nanofiber structure were studied and optimized. The average diameters of prepared nanofibers was determined by “Clemex vision professional edition” software. Morphology and structure of electrospun nanofibers was studied with use of scaning electorn microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of nanofibers increased as the amount of thyme extract was increased, thus a chitosan/PEO containing 3% of thyme extract was selected as the best prepared nanofiber for wound dressing preparation. Chitosan/PEO/thyme nanofiber showed high stability in the buffer and good antibacterial activity against three understudy bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords


1. Wiseman DM, Rovee DT, Alvarez O. Wound dressings: design and use. Wound Healing: Biochemical & Clinical Aspects, ed I Kelman Cohen, Robert F Diegelmann, and William J Lindblad. 1992:562-80.
2. Yudanova T, Reshetov I. Modern wound dressings: Manufacturing and properties. Pharm. Chem. J. 2006;40(2):85-92.
3. Liu BS, Huang TB. A novel wound dressing composed of nonwoven fabric coated with chitosan and herbal extract membrane for wound healing. Polym. Compos. 2010;31(6):1037-46.
4. Ovington LG. Advances in wound dressings. Clin. Dermatol. 2007;25(1):33-8.
5. Sibbald RG, Orsted H, Schultz GS, Coutts P, Keast D. Preparing the wound bed 2003: focus on infection and inflammation. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2003;49(11):24-51.
6. Hoffman AS. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2012;64:18-23.
7. Sezer AD, Hatipoglu F, Cevher E, Oğurtan Z, Bas AL, Akbuğa J. Chitosan film containing fucoidan as a wound dressing for dermal burn healing: preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Aaps Pharm. Sci. Tech. 2007;8(2):E94-E101.
8. PRABU SL, Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar A, Kumar A, Jacob A. Diseño y evaluación de matrices de difusión controlada en parches transdérmicos de clorhidrato de Diltiazem. Ars Pharm. 2008;49(3):211-27.
9. Pillai C, Paul W, Sharma CP. Chitin and chitosan polymers: Chemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009;34(7):641-78.
10. Adekogbe I, Ghanem A. Fabrication and characterization of DTBP-crosslinked chitosan scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2005;26(35):7241-50.
11. Huang Z, Jiang G, editors. Manufacture of gelatin/chitosan wound dressing and experimental study on its biological evaluation. Tissue Eng; 2006: MARY ANN LIEBERT INC 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA.
12. Wang JW, Chen CY, Kuo YM. Preparation and characterization of chitosan‐coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a promising non‐viral vector for gene delivery. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011;121(6):3531-40.
13. Rabea EI, Badawy ME-T, Stevens CV, Smagghe G, Steurbaut W. Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: applications and mode of action. Biomacromolecules. 2003;4(6):1457-65.
14. Prashanth KH, Tharanathan R. Chitin/chitosan: modifications and their unlimited application potential—an overview. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 2007;18(3):117-31.
15. Zhang Y, Venugopal JR, El-Turki A, Ramakrishna S, Su B, Lim CT. Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2008;29(32):4314-22.
16. Ramakrishna S, Fujihara K, Teo W-E, Lim T-C, Ma Z. An introduction to electrospinning and nanofibers: World Scientific; 2005.
17. Zong X, Kim K, Fang D, Ran S, Hsiao BS, Chu B. Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes. Polymer. 2002;43(16):4403-12.
18. Boudriot U, Dersch R, Greiner A, Wendorff JH. Electrospinning approaches toward scaffold engineering—a brief overview. Artif. Organ rgans. 2006;30(10):785-92.
19. Rieger KA, Birch NP, Schiffman JD. Designing electrospun nanofiber mats to promote wound healing–a review. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2013;1(36):4531-41.
20. Engel Y, Schiffman JD, Goddard JM, Rotello VM. Nanomanufacturing of biomaterials. Mater.Today. 2012;15(11):478-85.
21. Yeh H-Y, Lin J-C. Surface characterization and in vitro platelet compatibility study of surface sulfonated chitosan membrane with amino group protection–deprotection strategy. J. Biomater. Sci, Polymer Edition. 2008;19(3):291-310.
22. Desai K, Kit K, Li J, Davidson PM, Zivanovic S, Meyer H. Nanofibrous chitosan non-wovens for filtration applications. Polymer. 2009;50(15):3661-9.
23. Yang D, Yu K, Ai Y, Zhen H, Nie J, Kennedy JF. The mineralization of electrospun chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membranes. Carbohydr. polym. 2011;84(3):990-6.
24. Shalumon K, Anulekha K, Chennazhi K, Tamura H, Nair S, Jayakumar R. Fabrication of chitosan/poly (caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffold for bone and skin tissue engineering. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2011;48(4):571-6.
25. Cai Z-x, Mo X-m, Zhang K-h, Fan L-p, Yin A-l, He C-l, et al. Fabrication of chitosan/silk fibroin composite nanofibers for wound-dressing applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010;11(9):3529-39.
26. Abdelrahman T, Newton H. Wound dressings: principles and practice. Surgery (oxford). 2011;29(10):491-5.
27. Natarajan V, Venugopal P, Menon T. Effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) on the growth pattern of dermatophytes. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 2003;21(2):98.
28. Singh A, Singh D. Molluscicidal activity of Lawsonia inermis and its binary and tertiary combinations with other plant derived molluscicides. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2001;39(3):263-8.
29. Holley RA, Patel D. Improvement in shelf-life and safety of perishable foods by plant essential oils and smoke antimicrobials. Food Microbiol. 2005;22(4):273-92.
30. Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004;94(3):223-53.
31. Zivanovic S, Li J, Davidson PM, Kit K. Physical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of chitosan/PEO blend films. Biomacromolecules. 2007;8(5):1505-10.