Nano-Enhanced Natural Fiber Composites (NFCs)

INTRODUCTION
In later a long time there has been a developing intrigued in creating economical and naturally inviting materials to address the challenges postured by conventional engineered materials Among these choices normal fiber composites [1] NFCs have risen as a promising arrangement due to their ecofriendly nature renewable beginnings and capacity to diminish the natural impression Composites by definition comprise of two or more unmistakable materials combined to attain properties predominant to those of the person components[2] Illustrations incorporate conventional materials such as bricks concrete wood and advanced fiberreinforced plastics FRPs Whereas engineered fiberreinforced plastics have overwhelmed numerous businesses for their tall quality firmness and lightweight properties they depend intensely on nonrenewable assets such as engineered filaments and petroleumbased frameworks In differentiate normal fiber composites especially those fortified with plantbased filaments offer a economical elective Filaments such as flax jute hemp sisal and banana have picked up noteworthy consideration for their wealth biodegradability moo fetched and amazing mechanical properties [3] These strands are broadly utilized in different businesses counting car construction and customer products where there’s  a developing request for green and lightweight materials Common filaments not as it were diminish the reliance on manufactured filaments but too contribute to the improvement of biocomposites that are ecofriendly and biodegradable Progresses in fabric science and building have empowered the manufacture of highquality normal fiberreinforced polymer composites [1] NFRPCs with made strides properties Be that as it may challenges such as dampness assimilation fiber inconstancy and restricted solidness stay basic regions of researchThis consider investigates the advancement properties and applications of NFCs emphasizing their part as economical materials By analyzing their natural and financial points of interest as well as their restrictions and future potential this work points to contribute to the developing body of information on economical fabric arrangements for a greener future[4]

NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES FOR SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
Natural fiber composites comprise of two fundamental stages the framework and the fortification The network is ordinarily made of polymer plastics such as polypropylene PP low density polyethylene[1] LDPE polyether ether ketone Look and high density polyethylene HDPE Fortification materials can incorporate manufactured strands like glass and carbon fiber or more as of late characteristic strands NFs Whereas routine plastics have second rate mechanical properties these can be essentially upgraded through the expansion of high strength fortification materials Verifiably composite materials have been utilized in different applications For illustration old civilizations utilized bamboo shoots in mud dividers covered stuck wood in Egypt 1500 BCE and covered metals in sword making 1800 Advertisement[4] Nowadays progressions in composite fabric plan fabricating forms and sustainability focused advancements are driving their appropriation due to their predominant quality toughness and eco friendly nature Common fiber reinforced composites are picking up expanding consideration as economical options to manufactured filaments[5] Typically  to a great extent due to their benefits counting biodegradability moo fetched lightweight properties and decreased natural affect Plants creating common filaments are categorized as essential eg jute sisal and kenaf or auxiliary eg coir oil palm and pineapple based on their reason Characteristic fiberreinforced composites are especially profitable in decreasing fabric costs and weight making them appropriate for applications in plastics gadgets bundling and the car industry Crossover composites are progressively utilized for shopper applications such as insides paneling furniture and family things as well as in car and air ship contribute Thinks about highlight the fabulous mechanical properties of characteristic fiber composites whereas tending to their restrictions For occurrence Venkateshwaran et al found critical weight decrease in composites and Bisaria et al watched improved malleable and flexural properties with optimized fiber length Moreover utilizing normal strands as fortifications diminishes apparatus wear amid machining as famous by Ashish et al The integration of common fillers such as wood flour and shells too gives benefits like shrinkage resistance and progressed crawl resistance after molding These highlights make common fiber composites a promising arrangement for economical fabric applications[6]

Sustainability of natural fiber composites for sustainable materials
Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites NFRPCs are among the foremost promising materials of the cutting edge time frequently depicted as green materials Their supportability is basically credited to their biodegradability which comes about from the breakdown of their person constituents NFRPCs are recyclable and maintainable playing a significant part in relieving the natural challenges of both the show and future [7] The worldwide center on eco friendly materials stems from stricter controls against hurtful materials This has energized analysts to prioritize the generation of green materials especially NFRPCs These materials expend essentially less vitality amid generation eg 955 MJkg for NFRPCs compared to 547 MJkg for conventional glass reinforced composites their biodegradability renewability and diminished natural [8] affect have made them progressively appealing within the showcase Common strands contribute altogether to the generation of NFRPCs For occasion the generation of flax and hemp strands not as it were yields strands but moreover profitable by products such as seeds and oils which have different applications counting wellbeing supplements[6] Additionally numerous characteristic filaments such as coir are by products of businesses like coconut generation which forms 643 billion nuts every year NFRPCs regularly comprise of 6070 normal strands with the leftover portion comprising cements and framework materials Be that as it may their corruption can be affected by natural variables such as dampness temperature bright UV light and microorganisms[9]  Ponders have appeared that presentation to these components can essentially decrease the mechanical properties of NFRPCs For case kenafpolyoxy methylene composites uncovered to dampness UV light and water shower displayed diminished malleable quality due to the corruption of cellulose hemicellulose and lignin [1].

NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES FOR SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
Economic Perspective
Natural Fiber Fortified Polymer Composites NFRPCs have ended up driving materials playing a urgent part in accomplishing maintainability over different businesses These materials are fabricated utilizing characteristic filaments determined from renewable sources such as plants and a few creature items making them an naturally and financially coordinates choice With developing natural mindfulness and the pressing got to decrease carbon emanations these materials have ended up a key portion of the move toward a more feasible worldwide[10] economy By 2024 the NFRPC showcase is anticipated to involvement noteworthy development due to the expanding request for materials that combine amazing execution with a moo natural affect The worldwide showcase for these materials has seen considerable improvement in later a long time For case within the Joined together States the showcase measure for characteristic fiber reinforced polymers was 27 billion in 2006 rising to 33 billion by 2012 with an annual[8] growth rate of 33 Between 1994 and 2004 request for these materials within the US [11] showcase developed at a rate of 13 coming to a advertise volume of roughly 275 million kilograms With proceeded development the advertise measure within the US is anticipated to surpass 45 billion by 2024 Europe has too seen uncommon development in this division with yearly development rates coming to 48 between 2003 and 2007 It is evaluated that the European showcase will surpass 5 million metric tons by 2024 reflecting the quick development of these materials in different European businesses All inclusive information appears a unfaltering increment in request for characteristic[12] fiber reinforced polymers Over the past decade the yearly development rate has been 40 reflecting the developing dependence of companies and production lines on these materials In 2007 the worldwide advertise measure for these materials was 036 million metric tons but it developed altogether to 345 million metric tons by 2020 With this pace proceeding the worldwide showcase is anticipated to reach over 6 million metric tons by 2024[11] This quick development reflects the expanding request from divisions such as car aviation and development which depend on NFRPCs to upgrade vitality productivity decrease weight and progress strength From an natural point of view characteristic fiber reinforced polymers are an perfect choice for accomplishing maintainability objectives Due to their normal components like cellulose hemicellulose and lignin these materials are biodegradable diminishing their negative natural affect [13] Thinks about appear that the lifecycle of these materials upgrades their supportability as they can be burned at the conclusion of their life cycle to deliver vitality without destructive emanations For case when burning Chinese reed strands vitality proportionate to 14 megajoules per kilogram is created without transmitting carbon dioxide which boosts the positive carbon adjust of these materials This makes them an unparalleled naturally neighborly choice compared to conventional composite materials that depend on engineered filaments or metals Within the car industry characteristic fiber reinforced polymers are progressively utilized to fabricate both interior and outside car components These materials are lightweight and solid progressing fuel productivity and diminishing emanations By 2024 the utilization of these materials within the car industry has expanded by 25compared to past a long time as cars highlighting these materials have ended up a prevalent choice among producers pointing to meet supportability targets Within the flying division these materials give a maintainable lightweight elective to conventional materials such as aluminum[10] The utilize of normal fiber reinforced polymers in airplane fabricating makes a difference diminish the overall weight of the planes driving to lower fuel utilization and less outflows This drift is anticipated to proceed as request for fuel efficient air ship develops Within the construction division normal fiber reinforced polymers are utilized within the generation of lightweight protection boards progressing vitality proficiency in buildings Thinks about appear that these materials can diminish vitality consumption[14] in buildings by up to 30 making them an perfect choice for ventures pointed at diminishing the carbon impression Despite the noteworthy benefits of these materials there are challenges they confront the foremost notable being the water absorbing nature of common strands which influences their compatibility with polymer networks 
To overcome these challenges chemical medications are used to improve the properties of the filaments Treatment with sodium hydroxide NaOH is one of the foremost viable strategies to upgrade the attachment between the strands and tars Inquire about has appeared that this strategy moves forward the warm soundness and surface harshness of the strands improving the mechanical execution of the materials Silane coupling[9-10]  specialists are too compelling arrangements to make strides the chemical interaction between filaments and polymer frameworks These specialists improve the strength and adaptability making them a prevalent choice for treating common fiber reinforced polymers Also acetylation procedures are utilized to decrease the dampness substance within the strands and improve their compatibility with polymers coming about in made strides by and large execution characteristics[11] The characteristic fiber properties utilized in these materials appear noteworthy execution inconstancy For illustration hemp strands have a pliable quality of up to 690 MPa making them an perfect choice for applications requiring tall toughness On the other hand sisal and jute strands give an perfect adjust between weight and gentility making them reasonable for applications requiring adaptable and lightweight properties By 2024 with progressing innovative progressions in handling common strands and upgrading their execution characteristic fiber reinforced polymers are anticipated to ended up the primary choice for numerous businesses Mechanical advancements will advance increment the utilize of these materials in progressed applications making them more financially and ecologically appealing[15].

Environmental Perspective
The natural benefits of Normal Fiber Strengthened Polymer Composites NFRPCs have been completely inspected through different life cycle evaluations LCA underscoring their points of interest over customary composite materials such as aluminum structures[12] As businesses like aviation proceed to grasp compositebased plans the expected commitment to diminishing CO outflows by 1520 by 2050 reflects the expanding part that NFRPCs will play in supporting feasible advancement and accomplishing worldwide natural objectives NFRPCs speak to an energizing advancement in fabric science advertising considerable natural focal points over conventional composites made from manufactured strands and metals[15] The center components of NFRPCs incorporate cellulose hemicellulose and lignin which are determined from renewable common assets such as plants These components not as it were make the fabric biodegradable but too contribute to its prevalent natural execution compared to conventional composites like aluminum fiberglass and carbon fiber [16] One of the essential natural points of interest of NFRPCs is the utilize of common filaments which are sourced from renewable plantbased assets Not at all like petroleumbased materials the generation of common filaments does not drain nonrenewable assets making NFRPCs a more feasible alternative Cellulose the foremost copious organic polymer on Soil could be a key basic component of common filaments and is determined from plants like hemp flax and bamboo Hemicellulose and lignin are other fundamentally components that too come from plant sources[17] These crude materials are quickly renewable not at all like the limited assets utilized in customary composites such as metals or engineered strands The utilize of these renewable common strands in NFRPCs moreover contributes to decreased natural affect amid the generation handle Characteristic filaments require less assets in terms of water and vitality when compared to the energyintensive generation of engineered strands like carbon fiber or fiberglass In reality the generation of common strands [16] regularly comes about in less outflows diminishing the by and large natural impression of these materials Life cycle evaluations LCA give an indepth examination of the natural affect of a fabric all through its entire life cycle from crude fabric extraction through to transfer Within the case of NFRPCs LCAs have reliably appeared that these materials beat ordinary composites in terms of their carbon impression and other natural measurements[11] The fabricating handle of NFRPCs involves the integration of characteristic strands with biodegradable gums which comes about in a composite fabric that’s  lighter more energyefficient and less resourcedependent In differentiate conventional composites such as aluminum and engineered polymer composites are not as it were more resourceheavy in their generation but too produce more squander and emanations The diminished natural affect of NFRPCs amid both generation and transfer stages has been a key figure in their developing selection over businesses[12].
studies demonstrate that by utilizing NFRPCs the fabricating businesses especially aviation and car divisions can accomplish a considerable decrease in their generally CO outflows The move from conventional materials like aluminum to NFRPCs is anticipated to result in a 1520 diminishment in CO emanations by 2050 as these materials are lightweight and energyefficient driving to less fuel utilization in transportation applications[19] In expansion NFRPCs offer fabulous solidness which decreases the require for visit substitutions advance bringing down their longterm natural affect One of the foremost critical natural points of interest of NFRPCs is their capacity to debase at the conclusion of their lifecycle Not at all like customary composite materials which are frequently nonbiodegradable and can hold on in landfills for hundreds of a long time NFRPCs break down actually without causing noteworthy[20] harm to the environment Typically  since the strands utilized in NFRPCs essentially cellulose hemicellulose and lignin are natural compounds that normally break down when uncovered to natural conditions When the item made from NFRPCs[21] comes to the conclusion of its life it can either be biodegraded or burned without discharging hurtful toxins For illustration when China reed strands are burned the vitality discharged is roughly 14 megajoules per kilogram and strikingly no carbon dioxide CO is radiated amid the combustion handle[19] This contrasts strongly with conventional materials like metals and engineered polymers which discharge CO and other nursery gasses when burned In addition the utilize of common filaments in NFRPCs contributes to a positive carbon adjust Amid their development the plants utilized to create common strands retain CO from the environment making a difference to counterbalanced the emanations created amid generation and transfer This makes a net diminishment in barometrical CO levels which is particularly[20] important within the setting of worldwide endeavors to relieve climate alter[22] The natural affect lessening accomplished by NFRPCs goes past the coordinate reserve funds in outflows from fabricating and transfer Since these materials contribute to positive carbon credits they offer assistance balanced the environmental costs related with the generation of other materials Carbon credits speak to a decrease within the emanation of nursery gasses that can be exchanged or sold as portion of emanations decrease programs By embracing [21]NFRPCs businesses can win carbon credits advance supporting their supportability objectives and lessening their natural impression For occurrence as portion of the life cycle of NFRPCs plants utilized for fiber generation capture and store carbon dioxide which is at that point discharged in a controlled way when the strands are burned This carbon sequestration prepare makes a difference create a netpositive carbon affect which can counterbalanced emanations from other zones of generation making NFRPCs a important apparatus within the worldwide exertion to combat climate change The natural preferences of NFRPCs are especially apparent in businesses that depend on largescale materials such as aviation car and development Within the aviation industry [22] NFRPCs are being utilized progressively to supplant heavier less economical materials like aluminum The utilize of NFRPCs in flying machine structures not as it were diminishes weight but too progresses fuel effectiveness driving to lower outflows from discuss travel Moreover NFRPCs contribute to more feasible airplane plansby decreasing the sum of fabric required and advertising made strides strength and execution Within the car industry NFRPCs are being utilized to make lightweight car components counting body boards and insides highlights This decrease in vehicle weight leads to lower fuel utilization and less emanations especially in electric vehicles where each decrease in weight straightforwardly deciphers into progressed productivity and a longer driving run[18] As electric vehicles gotten to be more standard the utilize of NFRPCs will play a key role in making these vehicles even more feasible Within the development industry NFRPCs are utilized to make lightweight protection boards and materials for energyefficient buildings These materials offer assistance to decrease the vitality required for warming and cooling which can lead to noteworthy diminishments in a buildings carbon impression over its lifetime The integration of NFRPCs into green building ventures is another illustration of how these materials can drive supportability in businesses with tall natural impacts[19]

CHEMICAL TREATMENTS
To form NFRPCs characteristic fiber reinforced polymer composites more grounded and way better on the surface diverse chemical medications are utilized A primary issue with common filaments NFs is that they assimilate water which makes it difficult for them to work well with polymers Medicines like antacid silane coupling and acetylation are regularly utilized to improve NF qualities Soluble base Treatment Typically  a straightforward and reasonable way to assist NFs adhere way better to epoxy gum It employments sodium hydroxide NaOH to assist with holding [20] Thinks about appear that the sum of NaOH utilized and how long the filaments drench in it can alter the strands structure making them more steady and rougher on the surface Silane Coupling Specialists These operators have two particular parts that offer assistance strands bond superior with the polymer They make a chemical connect that progresses the holding making them valuable in composite materials Acetylation Treatment In this handle acetyl bunches respond with the water absorbing parts of the filaments to lower their dampness substance[24] This makes a difference the filaments work better with polymers Characteristic Fiber Composites for Economical Materials By combining distinctive sorts of materials inside a single structure ready to make half breed composites that are a cost effective and ecofriendly choice Cross breed NFRPCs appear incredible potential for different employments since of their moved forward quality and natural focal points.[13]

Hybridization in Natural Fiber Composites
Hybridization in common fiber strengthened polymer composites (NFRPCs) happens in different ways. This incorporates employing a fabric called a lattice that has distinctive sorts of filaments, a solid fabric encompassed by distinctive sorts of networks, or a combination of diverse lattices and filaments. Research shows that using synthetic fibers makes NFRPCs stronger.[22] Venkateshwara and others found that using glass and carbon fibers makes the materials stronger. More glass fibers lead to better tensile strength and stiffness because they work well with the matrix. Ajith and his team discovered that composites made with jute and polyester don’t perform as well as those made with jute and epoxy[24]. Sanjay’s research showed that using both jute and glass fibers together gives better results than using either fiber alone. Khalid Ali and Haneefa studied various natural fiber combinations in plastics. Kiran and their team found that banana fiber mixed with polyester had a tensile strength of 59 MPa when the fiber was 3 cm long and made up 51% of the mix.

Chemical Treatments for Improved Performance
Different chemical treatments help natural fibers stick better and resist moisture, making them work well with plastics. Some important treatments are:
Benzoylation: Makes fibers repel water better. 
Peroxide Treatment: Improves how well fibers stick to the plastic. 
Sodium Chlorite Treatment: Removes moisture from the fibers. 
Acrylation and Acrylonitrile Grafting: Improves bonding and helps handle stress. 
Oleoyl Chloride Treatment: Makes fibers easier to wet and stick. 
Triazine Treatment: Strengthens how fibers stick together. 
Permanganate Treatment:Increases heat resistance. 
Fungal Treatment: Improves how fibers fit together in the plastic.

RISING APPLICATIONS OF COMMON FIBER FORTIFIED POLYMER COMPOSITES 
NFRPCs are changing businesses advertising feasible choices to ordinary materials in different areas Among the foremost inventive employments is their application in defensive armor frameworks such as bulletproof clothing Customarily materials like aluminum and Kevlar have been utilized in defensive equip particularly in military and law authorization[25] segments Be that as it may these materials have noteworthy natural and financial costs related with their generation and transfer In differentiate NFRPCs are picking up consideration as ecofriendly costeffective and effective choices for defensive clothing and armor One of the promising normal filaments being investigated for armor applications is pineapple leaf fiber PALF A ponder by Luz and colleagues illustrated that PALF when combined with a ceramic front gives fabulous assurance[19] against bullets advertising Level IIIA security which is appropriate for handguns and a few rifles The analysts found that the strands inborn quality and sturdiness made it an successful fabric for difficult armor frameworks making PALF a solid contender for future economical defensive adapt This headway in utilizing common filaments highlights how they can offer not as it were biological benefits but moreover critical useful points of interest in requesting applications Encourage inquire about by Pereira and his group explored the potential of fique fiberreinforced polyester for bulletproof applications [22] Their discoveries uncovered that when the fique fiber substance was 30 the composite shown the most excellent vitality assimilation and quality upon affect This think about is particularly notable because it emphasizes the significance of optimizing fiber substance to attain the required adjust between weight quality and defensive capabilities Fique fiber is plenteous renewable and biodegradable making it an perfect candidate for making economical choices to engineered materials customarily utilized in bulletproof vests Another noteworthy commitment to the field comes from Filhos investigate on piassava fiber composites Piassava fiber sourced from the Brazilian palm tree illustrated exceptional resistance against 762 mm bullets which are commonly utilized in highpowered rifles This execution positions piassava as an appealing eco-friendly[23] alternative for bulletproof applications especially in districts that are centered on decreasing their natural impression whereas still keeping up tall benchmarks for assurance The consolidation of piassava fiber into composite armor frameworks reflects the developing drift of utilizing locally sourced renewable materials for highperformance applications these wellestablished filaments developing normal strands such as Cyperus malaccensis are being investigated for protective [24] clothing Cyperus malaccensis a plant commonly utilized for making ropes furniture and paper has as of late been considered for its potential within the generation of NFRPCs for bulletproof applications Analysts are growing the run of strands being utilized for economical armor expanding the accessibility of renewable materials for these progressed innovations By broadening the fiber choices analysts are upgrading the flexibility of NFRPCs and empowering the utilize of locally accessible assets which can advance diminish the carbon impression of generation forms In outline the utilize of NFRPCs in defensive armor frameworks is an energizing and quickly creating range The capacity of common filaments like PALF fique piassava and Cyperus malaccensis to supply successful security whereas beingfeasible offers a promising elective to conventional manufactured materials As inquire about advances the developing application of NFRPCs in bulletproof and defensive clothing is poised to offer a more ecofriendly arrangement to businesses that require highperformance materials such as military law requirement and individual security The investigation of these filaments moreover highlights the potential for advance development as more filaments proceed to be tried and consolidated into cuttingedge applications[25].

CONCLUSION
Characteristic Fiber Strengthened Polymer Composites (NFRPCs) show a noteworthy opportunity for businesses to move towards more economical and eco-friendly materials. Their biodegradability, lower carbon impression, and diminished natural affect make them a practical elective to routine materials such as metals and manufactured strands. By joining common strands into polymer frameworks, businesses like aviation, car, and development can accomplish significant diminishments in carbon emanations, with projections evaluating a 15-20% diminish by 2050. This move alters with around the world supportability destinations, making a contrast to calm climate change though keeping up high-performance texture properties. One of the key central focuses of NFRPCs is their irrelevant normal influence all through their life cycle. Not at all like routine materials, these composites can break down ordinarily or be burned for essentialness without releasing harmful poisons. Also, their time needs less importance, which helps lower overall costs.  However, despite these benefits, there are still challenges.  Progressing the understanding of customary strands and polymers is imperative for improving their quality, progressing their properties, and growing their utilize in more challenging circumstances. Analysts are difficult at work on modern solutions and way better definitions of polymers to make strides these materials, so they can be more adaptable in unordinary circumstances. Within the past, NFRPCs made a difference with financial and social bolster. Utilizing nearby materials diminishes the require for imported ones and makes a difference nearby agriculturists and businesses. This activity makes a difference neighborhood economies develop whereas making a more autonomous and maintainable supply chain. Governments and private companies ought to get it these patterns and offer assistance with inquire about, changes, and the broad utilize of NFRPC innovations. Bringing in unused thoughts, bolster for development, and collaboration between schools and businesses can boost advance in this range. In outline, NFRPCs give a total arrangement to the issue of adjusting innovation progressions with natural duty. Their capacity to diminish costs, minimize environmental affect, and bolster neighborhood economies makes them a awesome choice for long-standing time of renewable materials. By centering on the improvement and utilize of these materials, companies can make vital advance towards a cleaner and more maintainable world, where innovation works well with nature.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this manuscript.