University of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Enhanced Optical Properties of PAN-PEG Polymer with TiO2 Nanoparticles for Biological Applications1560156911496210.22052/JNS.2025.04.001ENLamis FaazNassirHammurabi College of Medicine, University of Babylon, IraqShaymaaAl-RubayeHammurabi College of Medicine, University of Babylon, IraqAhmed ShakerHusseinCollege of Dentistry, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250302This research studied the optical characteristics of PAN-PEG polymeric composite material when titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were added to it for improving its use for biological purposes. The XRD and FESEM results confirmed the successful fabrication of a PAN-PEG/TiO2 nanocomposite, characterized by well-dispersed and highly crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The study examined cooperation of diverse weights of TiO2 nanoparticles (ranging from 0% to 8%) in PAN-PEG composite. The optical characteristics were evaluated across a spectrum of wavelengths spanning from 220 nm to 800 nm. Results of the experiments highlight that absorbance of PAN-PEG composite increases as concentration of TiO2 in the mixture increased. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticle also resulted in a shift in the optical constants and the energy gap of composite. Furthermore, findings of the study revealed potential of PAN-PEG-TiO2 nanocomposites for gamma ray shielding. Overall, study demonstrates the potential of incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into PAN-PEG polymeric composite for improving its optical as well as shielding properties for variety of applications. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114962_383c02bfb4324fc1cfe4e189e1395c0e.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Simple Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles and Calcium Carbonate-Silver Nanocomposites with Three Various Micro-Wave, Ultrasonic Waves and Hydrothermal Methods1570157911500610.22052/JNS.2025.04.002ENAbdolmotalebHajatiMining Engineering Department, Arak University of Technology , Arak, IranDavoodGhanbariDepartment of Science, Arak University of Technology, Arak, IranJournal Article20250605In this work CaCO3 nanoparticles and CaCO3-Ag nanocomposites were synthesized from calcium carbonate mine by three various procedures. Hydrothermal, sono-chemical and micro-wave irradiation were carried out and their effects on the morphology and properties of nanoparticles were studied. Photocatalytic performance was estimated for degradation of methyl orange toxic dye under visible light and indicates high decolorization. Results indicate that, CaCO3-Ag nanocomposite show photocatalytic suitable efficiency. The presence of Ag in the nanocomposite facilitates photocatalytic decolorization reaction. The effect of different parameters such as amount, radiation time and source of photon was also investigated. This work presents a cost-effective photocatalyst for purification of toxic aromatic dyes from water. Antibacterial activity was investigated by degradation of E-coli bacteria in the presence of CaCO3–Ag nanocomposite.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115006_cad69c2b90c66e09512636bfc7fe9257.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan-g-poly(Acrylic Acid)/2-(((1E,2E)-1,2-Diphenyl-2-((4(E-1-(Thiazol 2ylimino) Ethyl) Phenyl) Imino) Ethylidene) Amino) Phenol Composite as an Adsorbent1580159411380010.22052/JNS.2025.04.003ENMakarimA. MahdiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, IraqLayth SameerJasimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, IraqHayderO. JamelDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, IraqJournal Article20250605Based on the extensive research conducted, a composite, CS-g-PAA/DEAP, was developed and its physical and chemical properties were assessed. The composite’s infrared spectroscopic profile depicted characteristic functional groups at specified frequency bands. Specific transformations in absorption bands demonstrated the composite’s formation. Further changes upon Rh-B dye adsorption suggested significant interactions between the composite and the dye. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed altered surface characteristics of the composite after Schiff base integration, and distinct changes post-dye adsorption. Significant surface roughening, pore filling and particle agglomeration were noticed, indicating dye uptake. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed the thermal stability of the composite. Different decomposition stages were noticed at certain temperature ranges, suggesting the influence of nature of the monomers, crosslinking density, and functional groups on the thermal behavior of hydrogels. The effect of surface weight, pH, and temperature on dye adsorption was investigated. Adsorption decreased with increasing temperature, supporting the exothermic nature of the process. Also, a positive correlation between increased acidity and dye adsorption was observed. The thermodynamic functions suggested an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process, with entropy reduction hinting at less randomness in adsorbed particles. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was deemed suitable, indicating a multilayered, heterogeneous adsorption process. Further exploration of these properties would contribute to potential practical applications of the composite material.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_113800_26ec3e2a54f69e6967c18c3a0e54b2f8.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis, Characterization and Study the Biological Activity for New Schiff Base Compound 2-(((1E,2E)-1,2-Diphenyl-2-((4-(E-1-(Thiazol-2-ylimino) Ethyl) Phenyl) Imino) Ethylidene) Amino) Phenol (DEAP)1595160511380110.22052/JNS.2025.04.004ENMakarim A.MahdiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IraqLayth SameerJasimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IraqHayder O.JamelDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IraqJournal Article20250618The synthesis of the Schiff base compound (DEAP) 2-(((1E,2E)-1,2-diphenyl-2-((4-(E-1-(thiazol-2-ylimino) ethyl) phenyl)imino)ethylidene)amino)phenol (C31H24N4OS) was successfully executed via a two-step condensation reaction. The preliminary step involved generating compound (A) (E)-4-(1-(thiazo-2-ylimino)ethyl)aniline, using 2-aminothiazol and 4-aminoacetophenone. The secondary step involved the synthesis of compound (DEAP) from compound (A), benzil, and 2-aminophenol. Various spectral techniques, such as Elemental analysis (C.H.N), 1H,13C-NMR, Mass spectrum, UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and FE-SEM were employed for structural analysis of DEAP. Furthermore, the biological activities of the compound were scrutinized, with microbial susceptibility tests conducted on five isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus mutans, pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and candida albicans, using the microtiter plate to determine the MIC. Anticancer potential of DEAP was investigated via cell cytotoxicity trials and in vitro antitumor screening against prostate cancer line PC3 and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, utilizing the colorimetric (MTT) assay for evaluating cellular viability. The findings indicate selective cytotoxicity of DEAP, detrimental to cancerous cell lines while sparing normal cells, marking it as a prospective candidate for future cytotoxic therapies. Hence, further investigation into DEAP’s potential as an anticancer drug is warranted.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_113801_9df5037992931c1558cc7f43ac160e1d.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Selenium Nanoparticles Mycosynthesis Using the Endophytic Fungi Fusarium graminearum and Investigating its Antioxidants and Cytotoxicity Effect1606161711501010.22052/JNS.2025.04.005ENAmer H.AbbasDepartment of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqCollege of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqShatha AliShafiqCollege of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqAzhar M.HaleemEnvironmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250628Mycosynthesizing Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are the focus of this investigation using the endophytic fungus fusarium graminearum isolated from Salvia Rosmarinus and testing the nanoparticle’s cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. First, the fungus was isolated and purified on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) from Salvia Rosmarinus leaves. After that, fungal biomass was produced using a laboratory-prepared media, and the biomass was introduced to sodium selenite solution to mycosynthesised SeNPs. SeNPs were characterised using many techniques. A colour shift from pale light to deep orange is the first indicator of the SeNPs mycosynthesis. SeNPs were detected in UV–vis absorption spectra with a 273 nm band. XRD analyses prove the crystallinity phase of SeNPS with three distinctive peaks. SeNPs’ FTIR spectra showed absorption peaks from 3400 to 406.98 cm1. The SEM scans showed 53–62 nm spherical particles. The particles revealed a diameter of 83.23 nm (the average) with a size range spanning from 40.22 to 74.87 nm, according to AFM pictures and charts. The synthesised SeNPs were tested for antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Selenium nanoparticles were tested for their antioxidant capabilities by scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl. Compared to selenium salt, selenium nanoparticles’ scavenging activity increased with concentration. There was a dosage relationship between SeNPs and anticancer properties.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115010_d6ac37c4f1ea69518cdde0a2585a3678.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Investigating the Impact of Mycosynthesised Iron Nanoparticles Against Candida Albicans Cells and Studying Their Antioxidants Activity1618162811425010.22052/JNS.2025.04.006ENAmer H.AbbasDepartment of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqCollege of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqShatha AliShafiqCollege of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqAzhar M.HaleemEnvironmental Research Center,/ University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250512Mycosynthesizing Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are the focus of this investigation using the endophytic fungus fusarium graminearum isolated from Salvia Rosmarinus and testing the nanoparticle’s action against candida albicans cells and antioxidant activity. First, the fungus was isolated and purified on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) from Salvia Rosmarinus leaves and stems, after that, fungal biomass was produced using a laboratory-prepared media, and the biomass was introduced to iron salt; Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O) solution to mycosynthesis FeNPs. FeNPs were characterised using many techniques. A colour shift from yellowish-orange colour to dark brown is the first indicator of the FeNPs mycosynthesis. FeNPs were detected in UV–vis absorption spectra with a 303 nm band. XRD analyses prove the crystallinity phase of FeNPs with four distinctive peaks; at 2θ values of 24.84°, 33.52°, 39.12°, and 42.31°. FeNPs FTIR spectra showed absorption peaks from 3400 to 406.98 cm1. The FE-SEM scans showed 45.89–80.05 nm spherical particles. The particles revealed a diameter of 86.79 nm (the average) with a size range spanning from 22.23 to 107.7 nm, according to AFM pictures and charts. FE-SEM technique is used to detect the impact of FeNPs on Candida albicans cells with a clear impact on its cell wall. FeNPs showed scavenging activity increased with concentration.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114250_2d8fdb7fb606f7f1a8c0f8f584dd3774.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Silver Nanoparticles Enhanced the Cytocompatibility of two Dental Adhesive Agents (In vitro study)1629163611501110.22052/JNS.2025.04.007ENMohammed Ali FadhilAl-Abd Al-AbbasDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Ahl Al Bayt University, IraqRafidJihad Al-BadrDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Ahl Al Bayt University, IraqMuaid S.Abbas ShamashDepartment of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Ahl Al-Bayt University, IraqJournal Article20250527The purpose of this study was to look at the direct and indirect cytotoxic effects of two universal dental adhesive agents combined with silver colloidal dispersion on a human gingival fibroblast cell. Peak universal (Ultradent, USA) and Optibond Universal (Kerr, America) commercial dental adhesive agent systems were infused with 8% by mass of colloidal dispersion containing silver nanoparticles (AgNps). Adult rabbits were used to create a cell line of human gingival fibroblast cells. The cytotoxic activity of four adhesive agent groups on fibroblast-like cells was investigated using two cytotoxic assays: GA: Peak Universal (control), GB: Peak Universal (8% AgNps incorporated), GC: Optibond universal (control), and GD: Optibond (8% AgNps incorporated). From the adhesive agent groups, forty adhesive agent samples (5 x 1 mm discs) were manufactured and utilized for the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, and 32 discs were used for the High-content screening (HCS) assay. The cytotoxic assay results revealed that all adhesive agents examined had a high degree of cytocompatibility. However, the 8% incorporated adhesive agent Groups (GB and GD) had much lower cytotoxicity than their controls. Furthermore, groups GC and GD had significantly better cytocompatibility than groups GA and GB. In comparison to their control groups, the incorporation of 8% by mass colloidal dispersion of silver nanoparticles greatly improved the biocompatibility of the evaluated universal adhesive agents.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115011_9931c0d50267ebfb73bd0287f3925b75.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Kinetic Evaluation Chitosan/PEO Blend Films Reinforced with Silver Nanoparticles1637164711501210.22052/JNS.2025.04.008ENMujalli AH. JDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Wasit University, Wasit, IraqNajwa J.JubierDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Wasit University, Wasit, IraqJournal Article20250619This study aims to evaluate the thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic parameters of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CS/PEO) blend films reinforced with different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Samples were fabricated using the solution casting method and characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and kinetic modeling using the Coats–Redfern method; the degradation took place using a heat rate of 10◦ C/min in a nitrogen atmosphere. DSC results supported the thermal stability evaluation by revealing a progressive increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg), from 156.7 °C for pure chitosan (S1) to 192.3 °C for the CS/PEO blend (S3), with a peak of 214.5 °C for the 3% AgNP-reinforced sample (S5), indicating enhanced polymer chain restriction and improved thermal resistance. The activation energies (Ea) varied significantly across the samples: 73.59 kJ/mol for pure chitosan (S1), 81.07 kJ/mol for pure PEO (S2), and 79.89 kJ/mol for the 50:50 CS/PEO blend (S3). Upon AgNP incorporation, the highest value of Ea was found at 3% concentration to be (78.76 kJ/mol). The results demonstrate a non-linear behavior, indicating that AgNPs contribute to thermal stability at moderate concentrations but catalyze degradation at higher amounts. Thermodynamic parameters revealed positive enthalpy (ΔH) and negative entropy (ΔS) values, indicating an endothermic degradation process with a more ordered transition state. A strong linear correlation between Ea and ln A confirmed the presence of a kinetic compensation effect, reflecting the complex interplay between structural reinforcement and catalytic facilitation.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115012_94ef86c8064d8be3c7989a46a309a0d9.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Characterization of NanoHydroxyapatite-Polyetherketoneketone (NANOHA-PEKK) Nanocomposite Coated Titanium Dental Implant Material1648165511501310.22052/JNS.2025.04.009ENHusamMohammed SaeedDepartment of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqGhasak HushamJaniDepartment of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqYagthanMohammed HaiderDepartment of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250524The ongoing difficulties in reaching ideal osseointegration have sparked a great deal of interest in the development of novel materials for dental and medical implants. Implant failure is often caused by inadequate bone-to-implant contact, requiring invasive and expensive subsequent surgical operations that place a heavy financial and psychological strain on patients. By applying a unique nanocomposite material made of nanohydroxyapatite (HA) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) to traditional titanium (Ti) dental implants, this study suggests a creative way to overcome these drawbacks. Strong mechanical qualities, a Young’s elastic modulus that nearly resembles that of human cortical bone, and outstanding biocompatibility are just a few of the appealing qualities that PEKK, a high-performance biopolymer, offers. A bioactive ceramic that resembles real bone in structure, nanohydroxyapatite is well known for its capacity to form bone bonds and its practical use as a bone substitute. These compounds work in concert to create a nanocomposite coating that improves the mechanical and physical characteristics of titanium implants while also encouraging better biological integration. Through a battery of exacting tests, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle (wettability), and surface roughness analysis, the study seeks to methodically define these coated implants.The successful outcome of this research holds substantial promise for significantly improving implant success rates, thereby reducing patient morbidity and alleviating the associated healthcare economic burden.<br />Strong mechanical qualities, a Young's elastic modulus that nearly resembles that of human cortical bone, and outstanding biocompatibility are just a few of the appealing qualities that PEKK, a high-performance biopolymer, offers. A bioactive ceramic that resembles real bone in structure, nanohydroxyapatite is well known for its capacity to form bone bonds and its practical use as a bone substitute. These compounds work in concert to create a nanocomposite coating that improves the mechanical and physical characteristics of titanium implants while also encouraging better biological integration. Through a battery of exacting tests, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle (wettability), and surface roughness analysis, the study seeks to methodically define these coated implants.The successful outcome of this research holds substantial promise for significantly improving implant success rates, thereby reducing patient morbidity and alleviating the associated healthcare economic burden.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115013_71e0aca3668f6ce9cefea62b92bcf187.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Study of Optimum Conditions and Characterization for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Zamioculcas Zamiifolia Leaves Extract and Using Its Against Bacterial Pathogens1656166611501410.22052/JNS.2025.04.010ENHadeel Y.AL-ZubaidiOpen Educational College, Diyala Center, IraqAmal FadhilKamilOpen Educational College, Wasit Center, IraqJournal Article20250502This study focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous extract derived from the leaves of Zamioculcas zamiifolia as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Silver was selected due to its well-known antimicrobial properties and its favorable physicochemical characteristics that enhance its suitability for biosynthesis. A fixed ratio of plant extract to silver nitrate solution was employed, with the formation of nanoparticles visually confirmed by a distinct colour change from pale yellow to brown, indicating surface plasmon resonance. To determine the optimal synthesis conditions, UV-visible spectrophotometry was utilised. The resulting AgNPs were further characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These techniques confirmed the formation of crystalline, spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 23 and 65 nm. Antibacterial activity, assessed through the agar well diffusion method, revealed significant inhibitory effects against Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli, suggesting potential biomedical applications.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115014_89f75ea7ae003085071451d9f716acf6.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Adsorption of Methotrexate onto Rosemary-Loaded Chitosan-Poly (Acrylic Acid)/MWCNTs Nanocomposite1667168511501510.22052/JNS.2025.04.011ENMohammed A.KadhimDepartment of Science, College of Basic Education, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, IraqZeina M.KadamDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, Diwaniyah, IraqJournal Article20250801In this work, a novel rosemary-loaded chitosan-poly (acrylic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) nanocomposite was synthesized via free radical polymerization and employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methotrexate (MTX) from aqueous solutions. The integration of rosemary provided bioactive functionality and enhanced surface characteristics. The composite was comprehensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, and zeta potential (–46.5 mV), confirming successful synthesis, porosity, and structural stability. Batch adsorption experiments revealed optimal MTX uptake at pH 4 and 90 minutes, with rapid initial adsorption and high efficiency. Kinetic modeling showed that the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating chemisorption. Isotherm analysis revealed that the Freundlich model best described the data (KF = 9.903, R² = 0.9942), suggesting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG = –2.37 kJ/mol, ΔH = –10.72 kJ/mol, ΔS = –28.5 J/mol·K) indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. The nanocomposite also showed partial reusability, retaining 78% adsorption efficiency after three cycles. These results highlight the potential of this eco-friendly, plant-based nanocomposite for applications in targeted drug delivery and environmental remediation of cytotoxic pharmaceuticals. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115015_b84a1acbedc1772170d5d9c7ebaa10e8.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Novel Nisin-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Fusarium Solani Against Clinical Pathogens1686170111501610.22052/JNS.2025.04.012ENAsiaSalihMedical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, , Charmo University, Sulaymaniyah, Chamchamal, IraqMohammed LateefHamkMedical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, , Charmo University, Sulaymaniyah, Chamchamal, IraqJournal Article20250611Currently, nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles, are interesting because of their unique physicochemical attributes and extensive range of biological, catalytic, electrical, and environmental applications. Among various fabrication methods, green synthesis presents an eco-friendlier and more sustainable alternative compared to traditional chemical or physical techniques. This study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles employing the cell-free supernatant derived from Fusarium solani, and the bioconjugation of silver nanoparticles with an antimicrobial peptide nisin was evaluated in a one-pot reaction. The synthesis conditions have been optimized for high yield and favorable nanoparticle characteristics. The optimization results were 9.0 and 72 h for in 1:2 v/v (cell-free supernatant: salt), 1.5 mM of salt. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and zeta potential studies to verify the formation of nanoparticles. Characterization averaged particle sizes of 10.7 nm for silver nanoparticles and 12.8 nm for nisin-loaded silver nanoparticles were found to be quasi-spherical. Both nanoparticles exhibited potent antimicrobial behavior, indicating their potential against pathogenic bacteria. This work emphasizes the efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles and their nisin-conjugated analogues as effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly biomedical agents, especially in antimicrobial treatment as well as eliminating biofilms.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115016_a7df37a8d556e4e0cadab843185bf8f0.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Cytotoxicity of Green and Ecofriendly Synthesized Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on LS-174T Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line1702171111501910.22052/JNS.2025.04.013ENAbothur GhanimAlmohanaFaculty of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Najaf, IraqKhalida Kadhim A.Al-KelabyDepartment of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, IraqChe AzurahanimChe AbdullahDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSyafinazAmin-NordinDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, MalaysiaRosnah BintiNawangInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaJournal Article20250605Scientists are using nanotechnology in a variety of sectors, including dentistry, oncology, illness diagnosis and treatment, and the cosmetics industry, as they become more aware of the benefits of nano pharmaceuticals. This study uses the Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay and the standard anticancer chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) to examine the toxicological effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) at various concentrations (1,10,100,500, and 1000 µg/mL) on the LS-174T colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Zinc nitrate salts and aqueous extraction of dill extract were used to create magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Since green extraction processes use non-toxic chemicals, creating nanoparticles in environmentally benign ways is particularly interesting. One emerging area in nanotechnology is green synthesis techniques, especially those that use biological systems such as plant extracts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were among the methods used to characterize the synthesized MgO-NPs. This investigation demonstrated that MgO-NPs had positive therapeutic selectivity index efficacy in cell killing and inhibition (SI=2.98; IC50 = 51.26 μg/mL). It also emphasized size-dependent effects, whereby the smaller size and possible chemical lability of nanoparticles may boost cell uptake and interaction, hence resulting in increased cytotoxicity. These results have encouraging ramifications for MgO-NPs' therapeutic uses in cancer treatment.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115019_b73f482536c47b584f90e09280c33b1b.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Triticum Aestivum L. Extract1712171811502010.22052/JNS.2025.04.014ENZainab AbasAbdul-ZahraDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Karbala, IraqAla'a H.HussainDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Karbala, IraqInam JoudahRadhiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Karbala, IraqRadhiah NajmAbdDepartment of Biology, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Karbala, IraqJournal Article20250522The focus of this study has been the development of Silver-Triticum aestivum L. using the plant extract approach to create nanoparticles. This method deals with using the Triticum aestivum L. extract as a reducing agent, which converted silver ions to silver nanoparticles. This study utilized a Triticum aestivum L. extract as a capping agent to mitigate the aggregation of Ag-Triticum aestivum L nanoparticles. The formation of Ag-Triticum aestivum L. nanocrystals was confirmed by a color change from white to light yellow following a 24-hour incubation period. The dimensions and morphology of Ag-Triticum aestivum L nanoparticles were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The FE-SEM images revealed that the prepared Ag-Triticum aestivum L nanoparticles have a diameter of 52.14–96.16 nm; our preparing particles have an average diameter of 77.16 nm, and they do not have uniform shape. While the cubic-like shapes are dominant. The characterization of the prepared Ag-Triticum aestivum L nanoparticles was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). To characterize the resulting Ag-Triticum aestivum L particles, an X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and electrodispersive X-ray (EDX) were used. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115020_d118dc2f6b12a9f3a43edba3d143450b.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001First-Principles Investigation of H₂S Adsorption on (ZnO)14 Nanoclusters: Electronic, Vibrational, and Topological Insights1719173011502110.22052/JNS.2025.04.015ENEateman SalahMahdiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, IraqUday Abdul-RedaHusseinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, IraqAli FawziAl-HussainyCollege of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, IraqUsama S.AltimariDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqShaimaaAbdDepartment of Medial Laborites, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, IraqAseel M.AljeboreeDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, IraqAyad FadhilAlkaimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250507The efficient detection and capture of hazardous gases like hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are vital for environmental monitoring and industrial safety. In this study, we perform a comprehensive theoretical analysis of H₂S adsorption on a (ZnO)14 nanocluster using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Structural optimizations, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, Mulliken charge distribution, vibrational frequency calculations (FT-IR), adsorption energy, and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) topological analysis were conducted to investigate the electronic and physicochemical properties before and after gas adsorption. The adsorption energy calculations confirmed that H₂S undergoes chemisorption on the ZnO surface, with an energy of interaction indicating favorable thermodynamics. FMO analysis showed a significant reduction in the HOMO–LUMO gap from 7.94 eV (H₂S) and 0.16 eV (ZnO) to 0.43 eV for the H₂S/ZnO complex, suggesting enhanced electronic conductivity and potential sensor activity. AIM analysis revealed weak to moderate interactions between the adsorbate and the surface, with positive Laplacians (∇²ρ) and low-to-moderate electron density (ρ) at the bond critical points, indicating partially covalent character. Importantly, the IR spectral analysis demonstrated a marked shift and broadening of characteristic H₂S vibrational modes upon adsorption. Notably, the S–H stretching modes at ~2600 cm⁻¹ were either red-shifted or disappeared entirely in the H₂S/ZnO complex, while new modes corresponding to Zn–S and O–H stretching appeared in the fingerprint region, confirming strong interaction and structural reorganization. These vibrational changes validate the adsorption mechanism predicted by energy and charge analyses. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115021_b2361434db14b4e279e6729672a52cda.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Effect of MgO-NPs on the Morphology and Function of Kidney in Male Albino Mice1731174011502210.22052/JNS.2025.04.016ENIsraa FawziHasanBiomedical Engineering College, University of Technology, IraqHaneen SBasimCentre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, University of Technology, IraqRejwan K.IbrahimCentre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, University of Technology, IraqNoor M.SaadoonCentre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, University of Technology, IraqManal MalikSaadoonDirectorate General of Education Baghdad, Second Alrsafa, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250620This research study was to determine what the MgO NPs had on the morphology and activity of kidney in male albino mice Musmusculus. The studying implied providing mice with 150 mg/kg of MgO NPs (19-25 nm) by means of intraperitoneal administration during the period of 7 and 14 days. It was documented by appearing of change in the appearance of change exterior in animal (weight and behaviors) and interior (kidney) and the outcome the studying was changed in the existence in the kidney function rate in the albino Mice male the injected by the MgO - NPs by intraperitoneal concentration of 150 mg / kg during a period of 7 days and 14 days such as height significantly P 0.05 in the rate urea and Creatinine in a Serum the blood Compared with totals the control group the nonexistence differencehttps://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115022_08bc8d33e1f7fffc26d6658d228e74b1.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Graphite Nanosheet Prepared by Nickel Sulfate Exfoliating and Thermal Treatment and Its Action in Photodegradation of Crystal Violet1741175011502310.22052/JNS.2025.04.017ENEman TurkyShamkhyDepartment of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, IraqAmjed MirzaOdaScience Department, College of Basic Education, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250606Nanographite surface was prepared by heat treatment of graphite-saturated nickel sulfate as an exfoliating agent to produce a very fine brown powder. The procedure depends on heating the saturated sample and oxidation by 50% of nitric acid with ultrasonic bath. The resulting powder is easily dispersed in water and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, where the new absorption at 224 nm is not present in bulk graphite and reveals of formation of oxidized nanographite. FTIR showed the skeleton of graphite is changed and new absorption of C=O. XRD of highly crystallized graphite modified to low-intensity peak as an indication of sheets displacement. SEM image showed the microscale flake of nanographite as singular flakes with different dimensions. Photocatalysis reaction was done for crystal violate dye in aqueous solution combined with UV lamp. The nanosheets have the ability for photodegradation of CV lasted 180 min but in the presence of H2O2, the vanishing needs 15 min with 96% photodegradation efficiency.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115023_a96310b41e62cc64535843cdc554c924.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001ZnO-Nanoparticle-Embedded Hydrogel Nanocomposite: A Sustainable Adsorbent for Malachite Green Dye Removal1751175811502410.22052/JNS.2025.04.018ENAseel M.AljeboreeDepartment of Chemistry, College of sciences for women, University of Babylon, IraqUday Abdul-RedaHusseinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, IraqHayder Hamid AbbasAl-AnbariCollege of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, IraqUsama S.AltimariDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqShaimaaAbdDepartment of Medial Laborites, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan,IraqAyad FadhilAlkaimDepartment of Chemistry, College of sciences for women, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250602Hydrogels are hydrophilic, cross-linked, three-dimensional polymeric networks that are insoluble and feature high porosity and excellent water retention capabilities. In this work, a hydrogel (sodium alginate/acrylic acid (SA/AC)) and its nanocomposite (SA/AC/ZnO-NPs) were prepared successfully using a co-polymerisation method upon embedment of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) with an acrylic acid matrix SEM, and TEM thoroughly characterised the prepared hydrogel/nanocomposite. The adsorption capacity of these sorbents was evaluated in a batch system for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye under various operational conditions, including pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The removal efficiency of SA/AC hydrogel increased with the increase in the adsorbent dose, from 76.04% to 93.81%, along with the decrease in q value (777-25.94 mg/g), whereas the SA/AC/ZnO-NPs hydrogel nanocomposite exhibited the removal efficiency of 94.36-98.31%, and the qe value declined from 988.00 to 99.03 mg/g .The adsorption capacity of SA/AC hydrogel increased to 67.05% after 5 minutes of adsorption and to 90% after 40 minutes of adsorption. For the SA/AC/ZnO-NPs nanocomposite, the content increased from 90% to 98% within the same time duration .The higher adsorption efficiency can be attributed to the presence of –COOH groups, which provide strong hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with the cationic dye molecules of MG. The results indicate that the SA/AC hydrogel and SA/AC/ZnO-NPs nanocomposite could be suitable, environmentally friendly adsorbents for removing dyes from wastewater. Nevertheless, the apparent pH-sensitive nature of sodium alginate and ZnONPs can complicate the performance of such materials, especially in the practical world, where precise pH control may not be feasible.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115024_6d65a7ba1cead9fa014c50906ff9f67e.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Modification of Bioactive Glass-Ceramic by ZrO2/Ag2O Micro/Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications1759176411502810.22052/JNS.2025.04.019ENHadeer SadeqAbd AliKarabuk University, TurkeyAliGüngörKarabuk University, TurkeyJournal Article20240607Bioactive glass-ceramics are utilized as bone tissue replacements due to their bioactivity, compatibility, and their capacity to form a crystallized hydroxyapatite (HA) bonding layer, which closely mimics the composition and structure of the inorganic component of bone minerals. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of adding ZrO₂ and Ag₂O on the properties of bioactive glass-ceramics based on a composition of 45 wt.% SiO₂, 24.5 wt.% Na₂O, 24.5 wt.% CaO, and 6 wt.% P₂O₅.The bioactive glass-ceramics were synthesized using traditional glass-melting techniques at 1200°C for 2 hours, followed by compression and sintering at 950°C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of Na₂CaSi₃O₈ and Na₂Ca₂Si₃O₉ phases in the bioactive glass-ceramic structure. Mechanical and physical testing revealed that increasing the ZrO₂ and Ag₂O content improved bending strength, compressive strength, microhardness, and density, while reducing porosity. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Si-O-Ag and Zr-O-Si bonds in the material. The biological testing involved immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the formation of apatite layers on the surface of the samples, providing evidence of their bioactivity. Overall, the results of this study indicate that partial replacement of CaO with ZrO₂ and Ag₂O in the 45S5 glass-ceramic enhances both mechanical and biological properties, suggesting that the modified glass-ceramic is well-suited for biomedical applications.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115028_7a008a95dcdb90f9967d3496aa42df74.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Effect of Curcumin and Arabic Gum Extracts in the Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity1765177311502910.22052/JNS.2025.04.020ENMaithm A,ObaidDepartment of Medical Physics, College of Applied Medical Science, Shatrah University, Thi-Qar, 64001, IraqSurour A,KhlafMinistry of Education, General Directorate of Education, Al-Fatemiyyat Intermediate School,
Karkh 3, Baghdad, IraqWedian K.AbadUniversity of Technology, IraqAhmed N.AbdPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250208The synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs produced with gum Arabic and curcumin extracts are the main topics of this work. Plants and zinc nitrate are the precursors. ZnO has been described using UV, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. According to the XRD data, ZnO by Curcumin had a crystalline size of 38.92 when estimated using the Scherer equation; ZnO by Gum Arabic, on the other hand, was amorphous. According to SEM, the ZnO NP sample made with curcumin showed heterogeneity in size and shape, whereas the ZnO sample made with gum Arabic showed clumped particles that were entirely covered in proteins and some that appeared as bright protrusions. The absorption peak at 578 and 574 for ZnO using Curcumin and Gum Arabic respectively corresponds to metal-oxygen (ZnO stretching vibrations) vibration mode, which authenticated the presence of ZnO. UV absorption spectrum of ZnO nanoparticles show absorbance edge near 266 and 355 nm for ZnO by Curcumin extract and ZnO by gum Arabic extract, where the energy gap was 4.6 eV and 3.5 eV respectively. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated at different concentration (25,50 and75%). https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115029_5764b32ea95cdceb3adc94c2542124a0.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation and Superabsorbent of a Novel Copolymer Nanocomposite: Optimization of Swelling Behavior1774178111504210.22052/JNS.2025.04.021ENNadhirRadiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, IraqAseelAljeboreeDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, IraqAyad FadhilAlkaimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, IraqMohammed AbdJ. KadhimDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250512Biosorbents are environmentally friendly, readily available, have high absorption efficiency, and are desirable for the treatment of contaminated water. Herein, a covalently cross-linked green macro particle hydrogel nanocomposite CMC(IA-coAm-Ca) as a bio-adsorbent was prepared through a polysaccharide carboxymethyl cellulose reaction with acrylamide (Am)-Itaconic acid (IA) modified carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and further Ca(II) crosslinking polymerization. To limit the structure and characteristics of the nanocomposite composite several techniques were used such as (HRTEM), (FESFM/EDX), (XRD), and (FTIR),. The practical experiments included the study of improving the preparation conditions produced by a nanocomposite with the maximum SR%: the effect concentration of CMC, the effect of Am, the effect of IA, the effect of Ca(II) ion crosslinking effect of pH, and effect of temperature. The results show that employing (1 g) CMC, (2 g) Am, 2 ml IA, and (2 g) Ca(II) ion crosslinking. The hydrogel nanocomposites highest swelling ratio SR% in DW was 2100%. It was found that the mechanical water retention properties are strongly affected by monomer to CMC ratio and concentration of Ca(II) ion crosslinking. thus, the hydrogel displayed swelling behaviors that were monomers-dependent.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115042_307abd657349e66dd43a9754c792042b.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Enhancement of Non-Linear Optical laser Power-Depend Properties of ZnO Nanoparticle Synthesized by Green Method1782179411438410.22052/JNS.2025.04.022ENSamir M.HamadScientific Research Centre, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, IraqAkramRostaminiaDepartment of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqEman A.SaiedDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqMahira MEsmaelDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqAzeezBarzinjyScientific Research Centre, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, IraqPhysics Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region, IraqPeymanAspoukehScientific Research Centre, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, IraqHosseinKhojastehScientific Research Centre, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20250416This study explores the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using mint plant extracts, emphasizing their applicability in photonic technologies. Verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the nanoparticles, approximately 80 nm in size, exhibited enhanced nonlinear optical properties suitable for optical limiting applications. Employing open and closed aperture Z-scan techniques at wavelengths of 532 nm and 635 nm, the nanoparticles demonstrated nonlinear absorption coefficients ranging from 0.5 cm/GW to 187 cm/GW and refractive indices between 2.51×10-13 and 5.81×10-13 cm2/W, underscoring their potential for advanced optical applications. The involvement of plant-derived functional groups, confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), was critical in acting as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. These agents contributed significantly to the structural and compositional integrity of the ZnO nanoparticles. The study highlights the effectiveness of using plant-based synthesis methods, not only in enhancing the nanoparticles’ optical properties but also in promoting sustainable material development in the field of photonics.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114384_1ed79160c4fee6cdac9929d9c5ae0d01.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Structural and Functional Investigation of Sodium Alginate-Grafted-Poly (Methacrylic Acid-co-Crotonic Acid)/Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hydrogel for Organic Dye Decontamination1795181411504310.22052/JNS.2025.04.023ENKhudhair M.MahdiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sumer, College of Education, Thi-Qar, IraqWissam L.PenyanMinistry of Education, Thi-Qar Education Directorate, IraqSalam H.AlwanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Karbala, Karbala, IraqLayth S.JasimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, IraqJournal Article20250612polysaccharide through the copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and crotonic acid (CA) monomers via free-radical grafting in the presence of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-COOH). The resulting hydrogel composite, designated as SA-g-poly(MAA-co-CA)/SWCNTs-COOH, was prepared using N,[N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. The primary objective was to develop a novel adsorbent exhibiting enhanced adsorption capacity, superior swelling behavior, and improved reusability for the efficient removal of Safranin-O dye from aqueous solutions. The structural and surface characteristics of the composite, along with its adsorption interactions, were systematically analyzed using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA. The composite exhibited a point of zero charge (pHpzc) of 3.4 and a swelling capacity of up to 3950% at neutral pH (pH 7). The influence of various operational parameters—including adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, contact time, and ionic strength—was thoroughly investigated at an initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L. Under optimal conditions (30 °C, pH 7, 0.05 g adsorbent, and 90 min equilibrium time), the hydrogel achieved a maximum removal efficiency of 99.20%. Increasing ionic strength was found to reduce adsorption efficiency. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model and was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics, with the maximum adsorption capacity determined as 366.34 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Furthermore, the hydrogel composite demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining an adsorption efficiency above 81.4% after five successive cycles.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115043_6cd3444a60a3569dfb7e92110fe8f336.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation and Characterization of PEG-Fe3O4 Nanocomposites as an Efficient Controlled Release System for Catechin1815182411505010.22052/JNS.2025.04.024ENBalzhanAzimkhanovaDepartment of Biochemistry, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, KazakhstanUdayAbdul-Reda HusseinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, IraqHayder HamidAbbas Al-AnbariAhl Al bayt University, College of pharmacy, Kerbala, IraqAbedJ. KadhimDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, IraqMohammedKhudairWarka University College, IraqTalibKh. HusseinAl-Hadi University College, Baghdad, IraqSadiqH. Al-shaikhDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, IraqImadIbrahim DawoodMazaya University College, IraqKamolaDaminovaDepartment of Family Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Tashkent State Medical University, Republic of UzbekistanNiginaMukhamadiyevaDepartment of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanKamilaKaymanovaDepartment of Histology, Cytology and Embryology , Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanKamolXakimovTermez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnology, Termez, 190100, UzbekistanSabokhatSadikovaDepartment of Chemistry, Urgench State University, Urgench, UzbekistanJournal Article20250906This study reports the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of PEG-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites as a stimuli-responsive platform for the controlled release of catechin. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a coprecipitation method under inert conditions, followed by surface functionalization with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and dispersibility in physiological media. The PEG-Fe3O4 nanocomposites were characterized by FE-SEM and FT-IR to confirm morphology, core–shell architecture, and successful PEG grafting. Catechin was loaded onto the PEG-Fe3O4 matrix via physical adsorption and hydrogen bonding, achieving loading efficiency of ~82% and a capacity of ~12.7 mg catechin per 100 mg nanocomposites. In vitro release studies under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4 PBS, 37 °C) demonstrated sustained catechin release with pH-responsive behavior: 58.3% release at 24 h at pH 7.4 versus 89.2% at pH 5.0, indicating enhanced release in acidic/tumor-like environments. Magnetic-field triggering further accelerated release (78.5% at 24 h under AMF). Release kinetics were best described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R2 > 0.94), with diffusion and polymer relaxation contributing to release (n ~ 0.43–0.51). Stability assessments showed minimal iron leaching (<5%) over 48 h, and retained magnetic responsiveness for potential reuse. The results underscore PEG–Fe3O4 nanocomposites as versatile, stimuli-responsive carriers for catechin with potential applications in targeted and controlled nutraceutical or therapeutic delivery.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115050_0eeab133d4558589f19d7cbda4e0dada.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Study the Effect of CuO Nanoparticle on the Immunohisto-Chemical Expression of Cadherin in the Renal Parenchyma of Male Mice1825183111505110.22052/JNS.2025.04.025ENNabaaYahya KhaleelDepartment of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqMazin KamilHamidDepartment of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqHaiderAbdulrasool JaafarDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain university, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250617The kidney cortex, containing renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules, is particularly vulnerable. CuO NPs are widely used in industrial and consumer products, raising concerns about their impact on vital organs. Cadherins, transmembrane proteins essential for cell adhesion and tissue integrity, can reflect cellular damage when their expression changes. In this study, sixty Swiss rats were divided into four groups. Group D served as control, while Groups A, B, and C received intraperitoneal CuO NP doses (0.6, 0.45, and 0.3 mg/kg/day) for 45 days. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed immune cell infiltration and congested blood vessels in treated groups, especially at higher doses. E-cadherin expression increased with CuO NP dosage, visible as dark brown staining in renal tissue using anti-cadherin IHC and image analysis software. This suggests CuO NPs have an affinity for E-cadherin in nephron epithelium. Their 45–50 nm size may disrupt the renal filtration barrier, typically 30–40 nm wide, impairing glomerular function and inducing apoptosis.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115051_fc6c21aa84baaccf166325cb2b9df1e4.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Histomorphometric Evaluation of Porous Structures Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Implant Coated with Nano Zirconium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles1832183811505210.22052/JNS.2025.04.026ENOsama A. R.AlheetiDepartment of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, IraqMahaMishaal TurkiDepartment of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, IraqMuayadAljashamiDepartment of Dentistry,Al-Rasheed University CollegeAreegKamel MahdiDepartment of surgery and obestetric College of Veterinary Medicine. BaghdadGhasakH. JaniDepartment of Prosthodontic, Dentistry College, Baghdad University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250515PEEK, a thermoplastic polymer with exceptional performance, is Polyether Ether Ketone. Moreover, PEEK surfaces are coated with titanium and its derivatives, TiO2 and ZrO, to improve their biocompatibility and bioactivity. Based on calcium phosphate, Human osseous material is most synthetically comparable to Hydroxy Apetite, a bioceramic that is commonly employed. sixty-four screws with machined surfaces were implanted in 32 adult male New Zealand white rabbits measuring 1.5–2 kg. Both the left and right tibia of each rabbit had an implant placed in it; one was used for testing and the other as a control. The animals were carified two and six weeks after implantation. The implants were split into two groups: experimental (32 titanium and zirconium oxide-coated peek implants) and control (32 peek uncoated implants). Based on the mean results, at the same time in week 6, the titanium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles treated group had fewer osteoclasts than the control group (improve osteointegration) There was a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups in every healing phase, according to an analysis of all histomorphometric parameters. In this work, magnetron sputtering was used to thinly coat polyether ketone-based implants with titanium and zirconium to improve surface characteristics and promote osseointegration with implants.<br /> https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115052_60f10295f48f3bf6e8981052cae61ee8.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Role of Carrageenan and Health Approach for Adsorption of Safranin-T Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Polymer/CNT Surface1839184811505310.22052/JNS.2025.04.027ENHaidarAbbasDepartment of Medical Physics, Al-Turath University, Baghdad, IraqSarmad JaafarAlrubayeCollege of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, IraqAli FawziAl-HussainyCollege of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, IraqBasim MohammedSaadiDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqMohannad AbdulrazzaqGatiCollege of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, IraqTalib Kh.HusseinAl-Hadi University College, Baghdad, IraqBoyjanov NodirbekIlxomovichDepartment of Food Technology, Urgench State University, UzbekistanNafaa FarhanMuftenMazaya University College, IraqJournal Article20250610A new hydrogel composite (κ-carrageenan-grafted poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)/carbon nanotube (κC-g-poly(AAc-co-IA)/CNT)) was prepared through free radical graft polymerization in this work. The hydrogel network was prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid (Ac) and itaconic acid (IA) onto the biopolymer matrix κ-carrageenan and by introducing nanofillers (like carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) for improved structural and functional characteristics. Free radical initiation was employed carefully to support effective grafting and homogeneous dispersion CNTs in the hydrogel network. To optimize the hydrogel formulation, various concentrations of CNTs, κ-carrageenan, AC, and IA were systematically investigated. The effect of these variations on the hydrogel’s network structure, porosity, and swelling behavior was studied to identify the composition that provides the best performance for dye adsorption applications. The prepared composite was extensively characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy I, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, (FTIR). These analyses revealed a porous structure with diverse functional groups, thermal stability up to 600 °C, and a high specific surface area of 366.857 m²/g. The reactivation efficiency of the prepared composite surface initially reached 93% after the first regeneration cycle, but decreased to 69% by the fifth cycle. This gradual decline indicates partial loss of active sites over successive uses. However, the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) played a critical and effective role in maintaining regeneration performance by providing a stable, high-surface-area network that supports dye desorption and the recovery of functional groups.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115053_59c5e79b07a44d28ce87441a702cc4c5.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Green Synthesis and Characterization of Guar Gum/Polyacrylamide/Activated Carbon Hydrogel for Efficient Methylene Blue Removal1849186011505410.22052/JNS.2025.04.028ENUday Abdul-RedaHusseinDepartment of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, IraqDhurgham Hani KadhimAlalwanCollege of pharmacy, University of Karbala, IraqHussein AliQabelDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, IraqFadhil M.AbidAl-Hadi University College, Baghdad, IraqHadil HussainHamzaDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqBoyjanov NodirbekIlxomovichDepartment of Food Technology, Urgench State University; UzbekistanAseel M.AljeboreeDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, IraqAyad FadhilAlkaimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250519An innovative approach was developed for removing highly potent dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), from simulated solutions under various application conditions. The sorbent material was green hydrogels based on guar gum/polyacrylamide (GG/PAm) fabricated with activated carbon (GG/PAAm/AC). The crosslinker N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and the initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) were used in minimal amounts to adhere to green chemistry principles. The synthesis was performed under mild conditions, and the polymerisation was carried out at 60 °C, indicating a lower energy requirement. Different combinations were tried, varying the concentrations of GG (0.12–0.2 g), PAm (0.3–3 g), AC (0.01-0.1g) , KPS (0.01–0.1 g), and MBA (0.02–0.12 g). Of the ratios investigated, the best configuration of hydrogels was 0.15 g GG, 2.0 g , PAM, 0.08 g AC , 0.05 g KPS, and 0.08 g MBA, which generated a hydrogel with increased water-holding and hardness, and a higher adsorptive rate. The effect of AC on the crystallographic and thermal properties of the hydrogel composites was verified via the XRD and TGA analyses, respectively. The reactivation efficiency of the prepared composite surface initially reached 98% after the first regeneration cycle and decreased to 81% by the fifth cycle. This gradual decline indicates partial loss of active sites over successive uses. However, the presence of active carbon (AC) played a critical and effective role in maintaining regeneration performance by providing a stable, high-surface-area network that supports dye desorption and functional group recovery. The reusability investigation demonstrated that the sorbents were highly effective in removing significant amounts of pollutants after four adsorption–desorption cycles.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115054_27f284c5e4126b6f0e1a028fea31450c.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Characterization and Determination of Residual Stresses in Laminated Aluminum Alloy/Epoxy-TiO2 NPs Composites Using X-ray Technique1861187311505510.22052/JNS.2025.04.029ENZahraa B.LatifCollege of Material Engineering, University of Babylon, IraqNajimA. SaadCollege of Material Engineering, University of Babylon, IraqAmmar E.AlkawazCollege of Material Engineering, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250603The residual stresses within the laminated Aluminum metal alloy/epoxy-TiO2 NPs composites were investigated. Residual stresses play a significant role in the properties and performance of laminated metal alloys/epoxy composites coatings. In this paper, the structural (FE-SEM, XRD and EDS), mechanical (tensile strength) and residual stresses using X-ray technique studied for pure epoxy at different curing temperature (20, 50 and 75 °C) and epoxy reinforced with TiO2 NPs at different weight ratios (2, 4 and 6 wt. %) as coating materials deposited on Al alloy substrates using spin coating technique. The structural characterizations (FE-SEM and XRD) proved the homogeneous and uniform epoxy coatings with thickness about (240 μm). The obtained results revealed notable differences in residual stresses values depend on the curing temperature and the added TiO2 NPs content of the epoxy coatings. The pure epoxy coatings exhibited the higher residual stresses values, while the enhanced epoxy coatings with TiO2 NPs showed the lowest values. The epoxy coatings deposited at (25 °C) and at (2 wt. %) added TiO2 NPs recorded the highest tensile strength values. The results demonstrated that the adding of TiO2 NPs to the epoxy coatings enhance the final performance of the coatings. The deposition temperature effect demonstrated that the epoxy coatings cured at high temperatures (75 °C) exhibited high residual stresses values compared to the coatings cured at lower temperature (25 °C).https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115055_af0a030d1df9db580daeae5be6e8bb01.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Bio-Fabrication and Characterization of Zinc Sulfide/Polymer Nanoparticles for Application in Controlled Release of Vitamin B21874188411506310.22052/JNS.2025.04.030ENKhattabFawwazDepartment of Higher Mathematics, Institute of Digital Technology and Economy, Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan, RussiaElaafFadhil HassanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, IraqAli FawziAl-HussainyCollege of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, IraqMohammedJasim QasimAl-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Maysan, IraqOla KamalA. AlkadirAl-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqMohannadAbdulrazzaq GatiCollege of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, IraqSadiqH. Al-shaikhDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, IraqLiwaaAli HusseinMazaya University College, IraqShaxnozaDavronovaDepartment of Histоlоgy, Cytоlоgy аnd Embryоlоgy, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanRakhmonDavronovDepartment of Histоlоgy, Cytоlоgy аnd Embryоlоgy, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanNafisaGanievaFaculty and Hospital Therapy No 1, Rheumatology, Occupational Diseases, Tashkent State Medical University, UzbekistanNargizaYunusovaTermez Branch of Tashkent State Medical University, Termez, UzbekistanNodirbekBoyjanovDepartment of Food Technology, Urgench State University, UzbekistanJournal Article20250510Bio-fabrication and characterization of zinc sulfide/polymer nanoparticles are demonstrated as a versatile platform for the controlled delivery of vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocrystals were synthesized in situ within a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix via a bio-facilitated precipitation polymerization, yielding PMMA–ZnS nanocomposites with uniform morphology and enhanced thermal stability. Post-synthesis loading of riboflavin (RF) into PMMA–ZnS was achieved by adsorption-diffusion, producing PMMA–ZnS–RF nanocomposites. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization by FE-SEM, FT-IR, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed homogeneous ZnS dispersion, successful RF encapsulation, and retained matrix integrity under physiologically relevant conditions. The load-bearing nanocomposites were subjected to in vitro release studies under sink conditions in PBS (pH 7.4) and simulated acidic environments (pH 5.5) at 37 °C to mimic systemic and pathological microenvironments. A dialysis-based release assay (MWCO 12–14 kDa) coupled with UV–Vis quantification demonstrated a pH-responsive, sustained release of RF over 48 h, with markedly accelerated release at pH 5.5 relative to pH 7.4, consistent with diffusion-controlled transport modulated by matrix swelling and ZnS–RF interactions. Kinetic modeling (Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas) supported a predominantly diffusion-dominated mechanism with contributions from polymer relaxation. The data indicate that PMMA–ZnS–RF systems offer tunable release profiles, potential for multimodal functionality (imaging and sensing via ZnS), and applicability to nutraceutical delivery and bioimaging paradigms. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115063_191c142fa8e15d1bf1e00b22aa6e3ec7.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Physiochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle-Modified Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Bioceramic Sealers1885190011508510.22052/JNS.2025.04.031ENArkhawan AliAbdulhaqDepartment of periodontic, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqChenarAnwar MohammadDepartment of periodontic, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqBassamKarim AminDepartment of Conservative, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqJournal Article20250704Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HANP) incorporation into dental biomaterials is a promising approach that may help improve their nanostructure, chemical stability, and bioactivity. In the present work the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and premixed bioceramic (BC) sealer were adjusted with HANP, in the proportion of 2, 4, and 6 by weight and systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). FTIR proved successful incorporation of HANP without modifying the primary functional groups of the sealers. The morphological variations demonstrated by SEM were concentration-dependent: partial nanoparticle cluster, uniform dispersion with maximized nano-roughness, and agglomeration with minimal functional surface activity were observed with 2, 4, and 6 percent HANP, respectively. Elemental mapping identified Ca, P, and O and Ca/P ratios indicated that they were clearly dependent on the HANP content. The formulation of HANP (4 %) gave Ca/P ratios closest to the stoichiometric ratio of hydroxyapatite (1.67), whereas 6 % HANP was very different suggesting that it contained calcium rich domains and had low potential bioactivity. These findings reveal that moderation of HANP concentration (4%) optimizes nanostructure, elemental components, and physicochemical characteristics of MTA and BC sealers, which points to its suitability in enhancing osteoconductivity and mineralization in clinical practice.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115085_c284bc7670ff3e3d5166e612d09b4bbd.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Propolis and Their In Vitro Antifungal Efficacy Against Trichophyton Fungi1901191011508610.22052/JNS.2025.04.032ENHala M.MutarCollage of Medicine, AL-Qadisiyah University, AL-Diwaniyah, IraqHayder KamilJabber Al KaabiCollage of Nursing, AL-Qadisiyah University, AL-Diwaniyah, IraqBaneen NajmAlhasanawiCollage of Veterinary Medicine, AL-Qadisiyah University, AL-Diwaniyah, IraqAhmed JassimNeamaCollage of Biotechnology, AL-Qadisiyah University, AL-Diwaniyah , IraqJournal Article20250618The increasing prevalence of dermatophytic infections caused by Trichophyton species highlights the urgent demand for safer and more effective antifungal therapies. In this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized through a green approach using methanolic Iraqi propolis extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The obtained FeNPs were characterized by UV–Vis. spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV–Vis. spectrum exhibited a distinct absorption peak at approximately 280 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation, while FESEM analysis revealed irregular particles with an average size of 54.34 ± 1.22 nm. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups from propolis compounds, including O–H, C=O, and Fe–O, capping the nanoparticle surface. XRD patterns indicated the crystalline nature of the particles, with sizes ranging from 57 to 109 nm. Antifungal assays demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of T. rubrum, with minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of 0.250 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, propolis-capped FeNPs exhibited notable antifungal activity, combining the inherent antimicrobial properties of iron oxide and propolis to provide a promising, sustainable, and safer therapeutic alternative for resistant dermatophyte infections. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115086_5f9ed5b17c8f2a0fa4da39d35ced23cb.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Co-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanocarriers of Resveratrol and Paclitaxel for Improved Bioavailability and Antitumor Efficacy in Lung Cancer Models: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation1911191511509010.22052/JNS.2025.04.033ENSitoraRakhimovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent City, UzbekistanFloraKuluevaTashkent State Technical University, UzbekistanIntizorSultanovaVeterinary Research Institute, Samarkand, UzbekistanGavkharNarmaevaSamarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand, UzbekistanKimyokhanMulladjanovaAndijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, UzbekistanMashxuraYuldashevaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanNatalyaRozikovaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanMuhayyoShomurodovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanShakhloRuziyevaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilshodSulaymanovCentral Asian Medical university, Fergana, UzbekistanMuqaddasBoqievaTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University, UzbekistanBunyodKendjaevUrganch Innovation University, Urgench, UzbekistanMadinaBekchanovaUrgench State University, UzbekistanJournal Article20250510Lung cancer persists as a critical global health challenge, exhibiting high incidence and mortality rates. Conventional chemotherapeutics such as paclitaxel (PAC) suffer from limited aqueous solubility, dose-limiting toxicity, and resistance mechanisms that significantly compromise clinical efficacy. In this study, we engineered and evaluated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) co-loaded with PAC and resveratrol (RES)—a polyphenolic antioxidant with known anticancer activity—as a novel combinatorial nanotherapeutic platform for lung cancer. The SLNs were fabricated via high-pressure homogenization using glyceryl monostearate (GMS) as the lipid core, and stabilized by Tween 80 and soy lecithin. The nanoparticles exhibited mean sizes ranging from 190.5 to 254.7 nm with narrow polydispersity indices (PDI < 0.3), and zeta potentials between –18.9 and –21.6 mV, indicative of satisfactory colloidal stability. The encapsulation efficiencies for PAC and RES exceeded 90%, ensuring robust payload retention. In vitro release kinetics followed a biphasic sustained-release profile and were best described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R² = 0.9904; n = 0.46), indicating an anomalous diffusion-controlled mechanism. Cytotoxicity assays against A549 human lung carcinoma cells demonstrated enhanced antiproliferative effects for dual-loaded SLNs compared to free drugs or single-drug-loaded formulations. The IC₅₀ value for PAC–RES SLNs was significantly reduced to 2.1 µg/mL. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a substantial elevation in total apoptotic cells (\~60%) for the dual-loaded formulation. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor efficacy was validated using a BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model, where PAC–RES SLNs elicited superior tumor suppression and improved survival outcomes without inducing systemic toxicity. These findings support the potential utility of PAC–RES SLNs as a rationally designed nanomedicine for enhanced lung cancer therapy.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115090_12e924dea0f693c1727690f621ce3a01.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Nitrogen Doped Graphene Quantum Dots/Manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite as Active Photocatalyst for Degradation of Crystal Violet1916192811509310.22052/JNS.2025.04.034ENSeyedeh ShadiShariatiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of IranMaryamDargahiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of IranMajidMasteri-FarahaniFaculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranAbolfazlKeshtkar VanashiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of IranJournal Article20241122In this research, nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQD) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and used to prepare novel nanocomposite with manganese dioxide (MnO2/N-GQD). The products were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activities of N-GQD and MnO2/N-GQD were investigated in the photodegradation of crystal violet under visible light as well as ultraviolet irradiation in short time intervals. The effect of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, amount of photocatalyst, pH, and temperature on the efficiency of the dye removal was also examined and optimal condition was determined. The results showed that the photodegradation process is fast and highly efficient. The equilibrium time is about 5-40 min depending on the amount of photocatalyst and initial dye concentration, and efficiency is 100%. Finally, kinetic studies of reaction showed that the kinetics of reaction follows the first-order model.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115093_fa22950d14e4ef1a7c4e8428ad4ba56b.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis and Characterization of Co₃O₄-Graphene Nanocomposites via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Insights into Optical, Structural, and Morphological Properties1929194011509610.22052/JNS.2025.04.035ENGhufran SabbarHadiDepartment of Laser Physics, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqWasan M.MohammedDepartment of Laser Physics, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqAmerAl-NafieyDepartment of Laser Physics, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250610This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄), graphene, and their nanocomposites (Co₃O₄-graphene) using pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL). The nanomaterials were prepared by ablating solid targets of Co₃O₄ and graphene in deionized water under varying laser pulse conditions (300, 500, and 1000 pulses). UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed characteristic absorption edges and tunable energy gaps, with direct band gaps ranging from 1.5 eV to 2.0 eV and indirect band gaps from 2.25 eV to 2.65 eV, highlighting the influence of graphene incorporation on electronic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the materials, with average crystallite sizes of 1.53 nm for Co₃O₄ and 1.72 nm for graphene. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated spherical nanostructures with homogeneous distributions and reduced surface roughness in composite films. These findings underscore the potential of Co₃O₄-graphene nanocomposites for applications in optoelectronics, gas sensing, and energy-related technologies. The PLAL method proved to be an effective and versatile technique for tailoring the properties of nanomaterials with precision.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115096_e8a29c787c87471b0a8f583e85f87ca3.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001A FORC-Assisted Magnetic Hyperthermia Investigation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized at Different pH Values1941195611509810.22052/JNS.2025.04.036ENHashimJabbarDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqMaan A.Al-NuaimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, IraqAdil A.Al-FregiDepartment of Chemistry College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqZuhairAli AbdulnabiDepartment of Marine Chemistry, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, IraqJournal Article20250602Exploiting characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), especially superparamagnetic (SP) behavior, can lead to advancements in their possible practical applications such as hyperthermia therapy. Here, a facile co-precipitation method with different pH values is employed to synthesize Fe3O4 MNPs, followed by thoroughly characterizing them in terms of structural, morphological, magnetic, and calorimetric properties. According to X-ray and first-order reversal curve (FORC) analyses, all of the spinel Fe3O4 MNPs are found to show SP features. Hyperthermia measurements of ferrofluids acting as nanoheaters at a concentration of 8 mg/ml in a distilled water medium are carried out at a frequency of 400 kHz under different alternating magnetic field intensities. The maximum specific loss power (SLP) value and SP fraction are obtained to be 99 W/g and 50% using pH=12, respectively, resulting from a low hydrodynamic size distribution, high SP fraction and saturation magnetization, along with a considerably low coercive field of the MNPs.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115098_7d10b1df8969504e54c1f68559911b0b.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Fabrication of Electrospun PVA, PVC, and PU/PVC/WO3 Nanofibers for X-ray Shielding1957196511509910.22052/JNS.2025.04.037ENHomeyraEmad AbdoluosefiDepartment of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranAhmadRamazani-MoghaddamDepartment of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranAli AkbarAlizadehDepartment of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20240519WO3 nanoparticles and polyurethane/polyvinyl chloride (PU/PVC) polymers were used to fabricate PU/PVC/WO3 nanofibers mats with different percentages of WO3 filler loading (0 − 35 wt. %) using an electrospinning method. Surface morphology and average diameter of composite nanofibers were determined by scanning electron microscope imaging. Fourier transforms Infrared spectra of the nanofibers were investigated, revealing displacement in the position of the bands and changes in their intensity depending on the filler loading. Also, a strength testing device is employed to study the mechanical properties of the nanofibers, indicating their high modulus of elasticity. The fabricated Pb-free electrospun nanofibers were exposed to an X-ray tube with voltages in the range from 20.3 up to 35 kV, and the effects of voltage, filler loading, and polymer type on the attenuation coefficient and half-value layer (HVL) are investigated. The HVLs of 35 and 30 wt. % WO3 nanoparticle-filled PVC and PU/PVC nanofibers were 0.0156 and 0.0135 cm, being approximately 2.22- and 1.92-fold compared to those of Pb as evaluated by XCOM calculations at the low voltages. Therefore, the manufactured samples have a small half-value layer and at the same time, significantly low density as well as flexibility which can pave the way for their use in personal shielding in clinical and non-clinical applications. Due to the flexibility and low thickness of fabricated nanofibers, they can easily cover the irradiated organs and be good candidates for use as a light, lead-free, and efficient shield for X-rays in diagnostic imaging.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115099_3fcd34abbdf68f3f8ee2165f1f65506b.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Improving the Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Epoxy by a Multi-Phase Nanocomposite (Epoxy/PSA/CF/SiO2)1966198511510510.22052/JNS.2025.04.038ENAliMohammadi MehraInstitute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. IranMasoodHamadanianInstitute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. IranDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. IranJournal Article20250601In recent years, researchers have drawn attention to the fact that the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers and nanoparticles are significantly superior to those of conventional composites. This study investigates the use of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with carbon fiber (CF), polystyrene acrylic (PSA, 0–2 wt%), and SiO₂ nanoparticles. To optimize the mechanical performance, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design were employed. The composites were characterized using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA, while tensile tests were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results revealed that the addition of CF, PSA, and SiO₂ significantly enhanced the stress, strength, and strain of the composites compared to neat epoxy. The optimal performance was achieved at 1.59 wt% CF, 1.29 wt% PSA, and 0.40 wt% SiO₂, confirming the synergistic role of these reinforcements in improving the mechanical and thermal behavior of the composites.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115105_3342de67cd03ea886ee4704801ccb444.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Enhancing the Performance of Lipophilic Chemotherapeutic Agent via Polymeric Nanoparticle Fabrication1986199111510810.22052/JNS.2025.04.039ENZahraa MKadiumDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, IraqMaryamAlaayediDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, IraqDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, IraqJinan M.MohsinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, IraqAshti M. H.SaeedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, AlMustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, IraqIhabDaham HamoodiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al- Esraa University, Baghdad, IraqPegahKhosravianMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranHasanainShakir MahmoodDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, IraqDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of AlKafeel, Najaf, IraqARCPMS, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, IraqJournal Article20250602Lomustine, a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of brain tumors and other malignancies, is limited by its poor water solubility and systemic side effects. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate lomustine-loaded nanoparticles to enhance its solubility, stability, and controlled release profile. Nanoparticles were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as the polymeric carrier. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation exhibited a particle size of 198.1 nm, zeta potential of -17.2 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 74.16%. FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed the absence of drug-polymer interactions. The in vitro release study demonstrated a sustained release profile over 24 hours, suggesting the potential of the nanoparticle formulation to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. These findings support the application of PLGA-based nanoparticles as a promising delivery system for lomustine in cancer therapy.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115108_6e321144b7403d60320412dab47965fe.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Use of PCR Technology in Diagnosis of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Filters of Factory Health Water Production and Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles against Resistance Bacteria1992199711510910.22052/JNS.2025.04.040ENSudad JasimMohammedCommodity Evaluation and Service Performance Department, Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad , Baghdad, IraqAdil TurkiAl-musawiCommodity Evaluation and Service Performance Department, Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad , Baghdad, IraqAliaa Saadoon Abdul-RazaqAl-FarajiCommodity Evaluation and Service Performance Department, Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad , Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250602Most species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be detected in water treatment systems, hospital environments. The result of court study found four isolates of P. aeruginosa from 30 sample of health waterin Baghdad City. PCR result show four isolates were producing gyr B gene with amplified size 367 bp. Results of the FTIR analysis showed that Iron Oxide Nanoparticles had six bands at (3253, 2941, 1477, 1001, 685 and 587) cm-1. AFM analysis shows a three-dimensional and two-dimensional image for Fe3O4 NPs with molecular clusters was up 15.60 nm and peaks 39. Results of SEM and TEM shows inclusion of numerous nanoparticles with spherical Fe3O4 nanostructures and size of particles 30 nm. Fe3O4 NPs resulted in 9 mm inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, which increased to 16 mm with a concentration of 15 mg/ml, respectively. The study aimed to detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Filters of Health Water then used iron oxide nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115109_efee20bc51663fd3eef08e1b820f4719.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Anti-Corrosion Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Nanocomposites Reinforced with NiO and MoO₃ Nanoparticles Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method1998201011511010.22052/JNS.2025.04.041ENZeenaSaad AbaasDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqNadaM. AbbassDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250609This study focuses on enhancing the properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by integrating nano-oxides synthesized through the sol-gel method, specifically nickel oxide (NiO) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). The aim was to evaluate the physical, chemical, and anti-corrosion characteristics of these nanocomposites. The structural and morphological features of the composites were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal properties were assessed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results demonstrated significant improvements in the corrosion resistance of the MoO3/PET and NiO/PET composites compared to pure PET. The incorporation of these nano-oxides enhanced the structural integrity and thermal stability of the material, suggesting a potential application for these composites in creating advanced anti-corrosion coatings.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115110_4c6d538f2de29c3e33d3af41ed871985.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation and Evaluation of Slow-Release Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-Curcumin Implant for Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Adhesion2011201911511110.22052/JNS.2025.04.042ENDhiyaAltememyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, IraqMoosaJavdaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, 115, Shahrekord, IranMohammad AminKaboliStudent Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHossein Amini-KhoeiMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranParisaMehreganzadehMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranFatemehDrissDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranMehrdadKarimiDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranPegahKhosravianMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20250602In the present study, a slow-release system of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Msn) loaded with curcumin (cur) is intended as an implant that can have a more significant effect on preventing intra-abdominal adhesion after surgery due to its longer shelf life and extended release of the drug in the intra-abdominal area. Msn were prepared and examined for physicochemical properties. Then, these prepared nanoparticles were loaded with cur. The implant was made from loaded nanoparticles and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer by molding method. After the implant was made, its properties, such as disintegration time, thickness and swelling, surface pH, adhesion strength, and in vitro release, were evaluated. The implants (imp) were evaluated for the effect on intra-abdominal adhesion after laparotomy in the future paper. The results showed that the fabricated nanoparticles had acceptable morphological properties. Also, the fabricated implants had pH within the limits of normal tissue and suitable adhesion, swelling, and disintegration time. The highest adhesion strength was associated with imp, and the highest swelling was associated with imp/cur.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115111_fa6c9c13a697ad3468024ea32f162063.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Characterization of Niobium Carbide Film Deposited on Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy by Low Temperature Plasma Glow Discharge2035204511511310.22052/JNS.2025.04.044ENHaithamT. Al QaysiDepartment of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqThairL. Al ZubaidyDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, AlEsraa University, Baghdad, IraqThekraI. HamadDepartment of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250619Niobium carbide thin films were successfully deposited on a Ti-6Al-7Nb substrate using a low-temperature plasma glow discharge method, employing argon gas and C2H2 as the carbon source. Three different deposition times were employed to apply the coatings: Group 1 had a deposition period of two hours, Group 2 had a deposition period of four hours, and Group 3 had a deposition period of six hours. The phase composition, microstructure, surface morphology, roughness, and wettability of the films were examined as a function of deposition time. Various phases of niobium carbide were observed, with the sputter deposition process resulting in a nanocomposite structure composed of a nanocrystalline and often substoichiometric niobium carbide phase, along with an amorphous carbon phase. The microstructure of the deposited layers exhibited consistency and homogeneity. The SEM images displayed an organized morphology characterized by the material’s agglomerating feature on a striated texture. The coated samples exhibited a more prominent and rougher surface, with noticeable projections. Furthermore, the water contact angle value decreased from approximately 63° for the untreated Ti-6Al-7Nb surface to around 44° for the coated samples.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115113_f7ec4dc7582e79d6921466f284b0748a.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Intelligent Nano Polyvinylidene Fluoride impact On Initial Carious Lesions (An in vitro study)2046205911511410.22052/JNS.2025.04.045ENAthraaSarhan AwadhCollege of dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqMahaJamal AbbasCollege of dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqHayderHamed AbedCollege of dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250630The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of nano polyvinylidene fluoride at three concentrations (1.26%, 2.26%, and 3.26%) in comparison to 2.26% sodium fluoride varnish, in enhancing enamel microhardness and surface morphology. Fifty-seven extracted permanent teeth were sampled. Vickers microhardness testing measured enamel hardness, while FE-SEM examined surface morphology after treatment with different materials. The statistical analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences among the study groups, followed by pairwise post hoc tests to compare surface microhardness means and recovery percentages (SMHR%) along with their standard deviations. In terms of enamel microhardness enhancement, all evaluated Nano PVDF concentrations performed similarly to or better than NaF varnish. The 3.26% nano-PVDF concentration was the most effective, generating a dense, homogeneous crystalline layer as demonstrated by FE-SEM. Lower concentrations of nano-PVDF (1.26% and 2.26%) showed significant remineralization effects, similar to NaF. Nano-PVDF, especially at 3.26%, offers improved remineralization with lower toxicity than fluoride. At lower concentrations, nano-PVDF was equally effective as sodium fluoride varnish, suggesting it could be a safer and more effective preventive dental solution. Assessing its long-term clinical performance requires further research.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115114_7a30fe1ddcb30725e797a9de4f26811d.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001The Possibility of Flotation and Gravity Separation Methods for a Mixed Pb and Zn Oxide-Sulfide Ore2060207011457910.22052/JNS.2025.04.046ENFarazSoltaniMining Engineering Department, Arak University of Technology, Markazi, IranHossnaDarabiIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, IranRezaRastegarfarMiduk Copper Complex, National Iranian Copper Industry Company, Kerman, IranMehdiShaabaniMiduk Copper Complex, National Iranian Copper Industry Company, Kerman, IranJournal Article20250520With the depletion of lead and Zn sulphide reserves, processing of oxide and oxide-sulphide mixture deposits has gained significant importance. In the present research, lead and zinc minerals were concentrated from an oxide-sulphide ore containing 2.92% Zn (2.42% oxide) and 1.61% lead (1.23% oxide) with silicate gangue. Flotation experiments were conducted with two approaches: differential flotation of sulphide and oxide minerals in several stages, and cumulative flotation of mixed sulphide-oxide minerals. The effects of desliming and flotation reagents were examined. Results indicated that differential flotation of sulphide and oxide minerals is impractical for this ore. Optimal conditions for ore concentration were identified as flotation of mixed sulphide-oxide minerals of lead with d80 of 90 μm and the addition of 6000 g/t sodium sulphide in the rougher stage and 1000 g/t in the scavenger stage. Bromoform heavy liquid tests revealed that Zn recovery in the heavy fraction remained relatively unchanged with particle size reduction, whereas Pb recovery increased from 74.22% to 89.09%. Finally, a combination of mixed sulphide-oxide flotation along with gravity separation using a shaking table and spirals was proposed.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114579_491e95641e9a25c8cc51e8b296409cdf.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Fe3O4-Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Decorated on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Fast Detection of Trace Protein2071208311513310.22052/JNS.2025.04.047ENDildoraMengliyevaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanMarhaboxonShomaqsudovaAlfraganus University, Tashkent, UzbekistanDilfuzaMirzaevaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanAkmaljonOkboevTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanKhalimaAripovaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanIsroilJumayevChirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik , UzbekistanGuljamolMakhmudovaBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanNarzullaevaOygulBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanTulkinKadirovSamarkand Regional Center for Pedagogical Skills, Samarkand, UzbekistanNegmurodRashidovBukhara State University, Bukhara, UzbekistanNurbekRadjabovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanOtabekMirzayevUrgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Beruni, Urgench, UzbekistanAbduraimovaMaftunakhan AkhmatovnaTashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanJournal Article20250628We reported a magnetically recoverable Fe3O4–PVP–GO nanocomposite designed for rapid, selective detection of trace proteins in complex matrices, addressing the persistent challenges of capture specificity, enrichment without dilution, and low-cost readout in point-of-care settings. The synthesis integrates three components: Fe3O4 magnetic cores for fast, quantitative magnetic separation; polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to stabilize and present a hydrophobic/hydrogen-bonding interface; and graphene oxide (GO) to provide a high-surface-area scaffold with abundant π–π and electrostatic interaction sites. The resulting Fe3O4–PVP–GO nanocomposite achieves near-quantitative recovery (>99.5%) within 30 seconds under a modest magnetic field (1.2 T), enabling rapid preconcentration from 10 mL samples and minimizing matrix carryover. Characterization by FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, and TGA confirms preserved magnetite crystallinity, substantial surface area, and robust integration of components without covalent grafting, indicating a predominantly supramolecular assembly driven by π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Binding to model trace proteins (BSA) demonstrated sub-attomolar detection limits (LOD ≈ 0.45 fM) with a three-log dynamic range (0.1–100 ng mL−1) and inter-day RSD ≤ 3.9%. Real-sample analyses in human serum, skimmed milk, and river water yielded recoveries of 93–104% with minimal matrix effects. Reusability over fifteen cycles showed <4% loss in binding capacity. This work establishes a robust, low-cost platform for rapid on-site protein quantification with high fidelity and scalability.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115133_396724546351aa1a4e296a299eab4ca2.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001MWCNT – PMMA as Thin Films2084209011513610.22052/JNS.2025.04.048ENNoor MalikSaadoonNanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250618Spin-coating technique has been used to fabricate the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) thin films. Optical characteristics of the refractive index, band gap and that of optical connectivity have been measured. an optical band gap of the films as calculated utilizing the UV-Vis spectra.to examine dispersion of the MWCNT in the polymer matrix, it was done with the help of atomic force microscope (AFM).https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115136_c915282945c63403fc68928f932afd85.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Antibacterial Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots against Oral Bacteria -Lactobacilli2091209911513710.22052/JNS.2025.04.049ENIsraaSaad M. Al-AtiyahCollege of Dentistry, Uruk University, Baghdad, IraqAhlamTaha MohammedPedodontic and Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250105Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a type of carbon-based nanomaterials that have recently garnered attention as emerging alternatives to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) provide several advantageous characteristics, including minimal toxicity, environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, photostability, favorable charge transfer properties with increased electronic conductivity, and easily reproducible manufacturing techniques. Assessing the antibacterial properties of CQDs by testing the sensitivity of different concentrations of CQDs on Oral Lactobacilli then comparing with chlorhexidine 0.2% and deionized water. Agar well technique was used. No bacterial growth was measured when inhibitions zones around each well were seen. No inhibition zone means a full resistance of the bacteria to the tested agent. The results showed that all the tested concentrations of CQDs exhibited antibacterial activity against Lactobacilli with different inhibition zones, which increases with increasing concentration of CQDs. Low concentrations of CQDs have very high antibacterial activity against lactobacilli, and this could be a new effective material to be used in preventive dentistry. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115137_4c4572d78b3730693dd51496582671ad.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Green Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Rosmarinus Officinalis L. Leaf Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibition and Antimalarial Potential2100211111514410.22052/JNS.2025.04.050ENKhilowd OmranAliAl-Mussaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, IraqRana A. K.Al-Refai’aDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, IraqZainab ShakirAddullah Al-AliDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqSaad AbdulmajeedKareemResearch and Development Department, Hilla Textile Factory, The Company for Textile Industries, IraqJournal Article20250627The green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄-NPs) using Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaf extract offers a sustainable and biocompatible route for nanomaterial production. GC-MS analysis of the aqueous extract identified 24 phytochemicals, including reducing agents (e.g., octadecanal, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3-one) and stabilizers (e.g., cis-vaccenic acid, α-pinene), which facilitated Co²⁺ reduction and nanoparticle capping via electron donation and steric hindrance. The synthesized Co₃O₄-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and XRD, revealing a crystalline monoclinic structure (30–54 nm) with high purity. The nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (70% at 1000 μg/mL), attributed to their interaction with the enzyme’s active site. Notably, Co₃O₄-NPs suppressed beta-hematin formation by 80% at 50 μg/mL, outperforming chloroquine, likely due to heme-binding surface properties. This dual functionality—enzyme inhibition and antimalarial activity—positions R. officinalis-derived Co₃O₄-NPs as promising candidates for neurodegenerative and antiparasitic therapies. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115144_07ef7561550567025fb33fb4336a4ed1.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Gamma Ray Attenuation Using Nanocomposites for Multiple Radioactive Sources2112211711514510.22052/JNS.2025.04.051ENMohammed A.MohmmedSalahuddin Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Salahuddin, IraqAnasA. HamdiSalahuddin Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Salahuddin, IraqJournal Article20250605Composites were prepared by dispersing 35 nm cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in a Bremer Epoxy resin (50/100) mixture. Various composites were formed using cobalt ferrite powder at 1 %–4 % wt. The specimens were prepared in the form of a cylindrical disc with different densities (15 mm). Density of individual samples have been calculated using dimensional analysis. Composites were screened using a Geiger counter. Mass attenuation reduction A key parameter in the study of how gamma rays interact with matter is mass attenuation. It represents the mass attenuation coefficient of gamma radiation by a material.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115145_1596c4a7b3ad0f1ebda541870a89d494.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Opuntia Ficus-Indica L. Nano-Emulsion Against Breast Cancer: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study2118213111514610.22052/JNS.2025.04.052ENAhmed HabeebALmamooriDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Babylon, IraqLatifehPourakbarDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJalilKharaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, IranAli H. MohammedAl-MarzoqiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250515Breast cancer accounts for 30% of new cancers in women and is known as the most common malignant cancer in women in the world. The present study focused on the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-proliferative activities of Opuntia ficus-indica L. nano-emulsion (NE-OFI) on MCF-7 cell line and determined effect of NE-OFI in an in vivo study in breast cancer animal model. Treatment with NE-OFI (230 µg/mL) significantly upregulated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, Caspase-3) while downregulating Bcl2 in MCF-7 cells. It also induced oxidative stress, increasing ROS and reducing antioxidant enzymes. Antibacterial assays showed MICs of 80 µg/mL (E. coli) and 160 µg/mL (P. aeruginosa). In vivo, NE-OFI (400 mg/kg) reduced tumor size and enhanced apoptosis in breast cancer models. Histopathological analysis confirmed increased tumor cell death. These findings suggest NE-OFI’s potential as a natural therapeutic agent against breast cancer, combining antioxidant properties with antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115146_92acc14eb498710d8baacca9eab40152.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Green Preparation, Optimization and Antibacterial Activity of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles by Using Senna Italica Leaf Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Postoperative Endophthalmitis2132214211514710.22052/JNS.2025.04.053ENAli AbbasJawadDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqSuzanSaadi HussainDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqOsamaA. DakhilDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University. Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250610The need to find new antimicrobial compounds and standard testing procedures to control transmissible diseases has increased highly as antibiotic resistance has increased. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Assay of HAp-NPs nanoparticles was used to measure their antibacterial activity. Without the use of any equipment, MIC can be visually assessed. HAp-NPs nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus aureus from postoperative endophthalmitis. These bacteria were selected due to their high level of antibiotic resistance and repeatability. An extract from Senna italica leaves was used to create the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp-NPs) used in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of environmentally friendly hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp-NPs) against harmful bacteria. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to characterize the synthesized hydroxyapatite powder.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115147_189d53a08634d9f7253508a05c582cf6.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Development of Carvedilol-Encapsulated Liposomal Nanoparticles Using the Thin Film Hydration Method: A Design Expert®-Based Approach2143215111514810.22052/JNS.2025.04.054ENHusainSaeedNajaf Health Directorate, Alzahraa Teaching Hospital, Najaf, IraqSarmadAl-EdresiDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf-52001, IraqJournal Article20250629Liposomes are tiny spherical structures made from phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs with varying solubility profiles. Their unique ability to improve drug solubility, protect active compounds, and enable targeted delivery makes them valuable in pharmaceutical applications. This nanocarrier system is handy for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs like carvedilol, which have poor water solubility. Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension and heart failure. However, its poor water solubility limits its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Incorporating carvedilol into liposomal nanoparticles can improve its solubility and controlled release, potentially enhancing its clinical performance. This study aimed to prepare carvedilol-loaded liposomal nanoparticles using the hydration method and to apply Design Expert® software to choose the best formulation while minimising time and cost. The quantities of phospholipids and cholesterol were varied and considered as independent variables. In contrast, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, drug loading and zeta potential were considered as characterisation outcomes. The liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. The particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) were analysed using the ABT-9000 Nano Laser particle Size analyser. The particle size ranged from 147-61 nm, with a homogeneous distribution indicated by a PDI of ≤ 0.1, and the zeta potential values of the liposomal formulations ranged from −0.3 mV to −12.4 mV. The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) of the formulations ranged from 55.41% to 92.38% and from 6.52% to 13.58%, respectively, as determined using a Shimadzu UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Liposomes were successfully prepared using the film hydration method, followed by particle size reduction through extrusion. The selected formulation consisted of 45 mg DPPC, 18.5 mg HSPC, and 8 mg cholesterol.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115148_8c6620f5b562b7408a5e6c55e99a8d96.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Internal Cavity of Dental Implant and Natural Teeth (in vitro study)2152215811514910.22052/JNS.2025.04.055ENDhyaa M. J.Hirz AL-DeenCollege of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, IraqMarwahSafaa AliDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqAlmustafaAlhumadiDepartment of Pediatric, Orthodontics & Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.Journal Article20250811Nanotechnology characterizes a new knowledge that potentials to deliver a wide range of uses and improved technologies for biological and biomedical applications. Nanotechnology permits synthesis of materials that have structure is less than 100 nanometers. The present work revealed the determination minimum inhibitory concentration and maximum bactericidal concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from internal cavity of the implant and sulcus of the natural teeth. Bacteria were isolated from internal hole of the implant after 90 days from surgical placement for 16 dental implant and sulcus of natural teeth for 6 female age range 30-44years. Different concentrations of ZnO NPs were prepared in solvent (water 3:1 ethanol) and mixed with brain heart infusion agar all the experiments were conducted in vitro. Agar dilution method was used to study the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration and MBC for tested bacteria. The MIC for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from internal cavity of the implant and the sulcus of the natural teeth maximum plate was (0.05mg/ml) and (0.08mg/ml) respectively while the MBC for both bacterial groups were (0.08mg/ml) and (0.1mg/ml) respectively. This study exposed that zinc oxide nanoparticles were able to inhibit and kill the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115149_cd6bee509b366e5ba6a0aeda2d167d40.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Improvement of Al‑SiC Alloy Strength Through Nano-SnO2 Addition Using Powder Metallurgy Method: Study of Mechanical Properties2159216911515010.22052/JNS.2025.04.056ENKhaldoon HusseinHamzahDepartment of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al- Qadisiyah, Qadisiyyah, IraqJournal Article20250513The industrial importance of aluminum (Al) alloys has led to extensive research focused on enhancing their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance through the incorporation of nanoceramic materials. This study utilizes powder metallurgy to fabricate and reinforce an Al-SiC alloy with varying weight percentages of tin oxide (SnO₂) nanocrystalline powder at concentrations of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%. The primary objective was to investigate the resulting mechanical and elastic properties, as well as the wear behavior of the composites. Microstructural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that increasing the sintering temperature to 550 °C improved densification. The addition of 12 wt% SnO₂ significantly enhanced the material’s properties, increasing microhardness, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus by 162%, 146%, and 65%, respectively.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115150_6f04b190c0b77c2a72f4c5bcedc5352f.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Application of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Incorporated on Chitosan-Carbon Nanotubes (CaP@CS–CNT) for Investigation of Physiochemical and Mechanical of Bone Cement2170218211515510.22052/JNS.2025.04.057ENGulnozRakhimovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanAzizkhonKhashimovFergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, UzbekistanВaxtiyorAripovBukhara State University, Bukhara, UzbekistanTokhirAglamovBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanChoriBobokulovTermez University of Economics and Service, Termez, UzbekistanKamolaYakhyaevaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanKhurshedKurbonovSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanIslomKadirovUrgench State University named after Abu Raykhan Beruni, Urgench, UzbekistanIsroilMo'minovTermez State Pedagogical Institute, Termez, UzbekistanLkromAbdullayevBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanShamshodAxmedovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanBunyodKendjaevUrganch Innovation University, Urgench, UzbekistanNafosatIbrokhimovaSamarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, UzbekistanJournal Article20250615In this study, we report a rationally engineered CaP@CS–CNT nanocomposite as a multifunctional reinforcement for bone cement, combining hydroxyapatite-like calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles with a chitosan–carbon nanotube (CS–CNT) network. The synthesis follows a three-stage strategy: (i) controlled precipitation to generate CaP nuclei, (ii) fabrication of a CS–CNT scaffold via acid-functionalized multi-walled CNTs dispersed in chitosan under acidic conditions with optimized CS:CNT ratio, and (iii) in situ mineralization of CaP onto the CS–CNT surface to yield CaP@CS–CNT with ~20 wt% CaP loading. Characterization by FE-SEM revealed a hierarchical morphology where nanoscale CaP crystals decorate the CS–CNT backbone without compromising CNT integrity. FT-IR confirmed the coexistence of CNT–associated vibrations and CaP phosphate bands, consistent with surface-confined mineralization and strong interfacial interactions mediated by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrated low cytotoxicity to osteoblastic cells, minimal hemolysis in human erythrocytes, and negligible acute inflammatory activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages, relative to CaP or CS–CNT controls. Mechanical and physiochemical analyses indicated enhanced flexural strength and favorable dispersion within cement matrices, attributed to the percolating CS–CNT network augmented by hydrophilic CaP domains that promote load transfer and crack deflection. Collectively, CaP@CS–CNT emerges as a bioactive, mechanically robust additive with potential to improve osteoconductivity and longevity of bone cement implants, warranting further in vivo evaluation.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115155_bceac7d796cd073c698a3f0132733c4a.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation of 2,3-Disubstituted Quinazoline-4(3H)-One Derivatives in the Presence of CuO/Graphene Oxide as an Effective Catalyst2183219011512410.22052/JNS.2025.04.058ENMohammadReza FarhangDepartment of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, IranManuchehrFadaeianDepartment of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, IranGholamReza NajafiDepartment of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, IranMahboubeh SadatSharifDepartment of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, IranJournal Article20240512In this research, a series of 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives has been synthesized in high selectivity by one-pot multicomponent reaction through the reflux method. The performance of various techniques was studied comparatively on the attributes of the product and catalyst by applying different characterized tests. The copper oxide/graphene oxide composites (CuO/GO nanocomposite) were well prepared using a co-precipitation method and characterized to confirm their structure and composition. According to the obtained data, the reflux method provides a mild process, and as a result, time and energy are saved. The reaction was efficiently promoted by 20 mg of CuO/GO composite as a robust and heterogeneous nano-sized catalyst. As expected, the proposed heterogeneous nano-sized catalyst that was designed and prepared, performed well in promoting the studied products (up to 93%). High to excellent yield, saving energy and time, chemical/thermal stability, eco-friendliness, and reusability of nanocatalyst (5 runs) are several of the outstanding advantages of this research. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115124_120543da081a416148996c64ca0d3503.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biocompatible MgO-CaO Polycaprolactone-Carbon Nanotubes (MgO–CaO–PCL–CNT) Nanocomposites for Enhancement of Efficiency Regeneration for Bone Tissue Engineering2191221111515610.22052/JNS.2025.04.059ENBarnoUbaydullaevaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanRustamKushatovSamarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, UzbekistanIlnurАbitovNavoi State Mining and Technological University, Navoi, UzbekistanDurdonaMustafoevaTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanIlhomAxmedovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanMukaddasYarmetovaUrgench State University, UzbekistanSanobarUllievaSamarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies, Samarkand, UzbekistanSurayyoEshkabilovaSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanIrodaIskandarovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanEraliSadiyevBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanFeruzaNurutdinovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanMalikaIsmatovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanSadokatKarimovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanJournal Article20250607In this research, we reported the design, synthesis, and comprehensive characterization of biocompatible MgO–CaO–PCL–CNT nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. A four-step sequential in-situ strategy enabled homogeneous dispersion of nanoscale MgO (20–40 nm) and CaO (30–50 nm) within a crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix while integrating carboxylated CNTs (CNT–COOH) via APTES-mediated silanization and EDC/NHS coupling to promote covalent interfacial bonding. Composite fabrication combined melt processing (60–80 °C above PCL melting) and solvent casting, producing dense films and porous scaffolds with interconnected porosity achieved through salt leaching (porosity 40–60%; pore sizes 200–600 μm). Three representative compositions (25/25/40/10, 40/40/15/5, 60/60/15/5 by wt%) maintained polymer integrity, with FE-SEM confirming uniform ceramic dispersion and an integrated CNT network. TGA indicated filler loadings of 28–33 wt% with residual inorganic/CNT content stable to 800 °C in air, while DTA showed subtle CNT-related exotherms near 320–360 °C. XRD preserved MgO/CaO crystallinity and PCL identity throughout processing, and FTIR corroborated interfacial coupling without new phase formation. In vitro, composites exhibited high osteoblast viability (>92%), low cytotoxicity, and upregulation of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2) within 7–14 days, alongside controlled protein adsorption (0.42–0.66 μg cm−2 at 1 h; 0.58–0.82 μg cm−2 at 4 h). Collectively, MgO–CaO–PCL–CNT nanocomposites provide mechanical robustness, tailored bioactivity, and architectures conducive to bone regeneration, warranting further in vivo evaluation toward clinical translation.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115156_0f5818759fd009011cbc56c542760ec4.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Development of Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery in Brain Tissue2212221911480810.22052/JNS.2025.04.060ENWesam R.KadhumDepartment of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, IraqPulatovSadriddinBukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino of UzbekistanNasimova NiginaRustamovnaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2, Faculty of Pediatrics, Samarkand State Medical University, UzbekistanIsmailovBaxromiddinDepartment of Pediatrics, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, UzbekistanShavkatAzimovTashkent State Technical University, UzbekistanOtabekBobojonovDepartment of Fruits and Vegetables, Urganch State University, UzbekistanJournal Article20250701Targeted drug delivery to brain tissue remains a significant challenge in treating neurological disorders due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study focuses on the development of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) to enhance drug transport across the BBB and overcome its limitations. The LNPs were synthesized using an emulsion/solvent evaporation technique and surface-modified with specific ligands, such as transferrin receptor-targeting peptides or apolipoprotein E, to facilitate BBB penetration. Physicochemical properties, including particle size, surface charge, and stability, were analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro evaluations using cerebral endothelial cell models demonstrated that ligand-functionalized LNPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake, achieving a 40% increase in transcytosis efficiency compared to unmodified counterparts. In vivo studies in animal models confirmed targeted drug distribution in brain tissue and minimized off-target accumulation in peripheral organs. The results indicate that these nanocarriers possess favorable biocompatibility with no significant cytotoxicity. Overall, surface-engineered LNPs represent a promising strategy for treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and glioblastoma. However, challenges including scalable manufacturing and long-term toxicity assessments require further investigation. This research advances the potential for personalized therapeutic interventions while mitigating systemic side effects associated with conventional drug delivery systems.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114808_f21ac4e8d5516f84910c73b39d0004da.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Nanomedicine Effects on Controlling the Obesity Through Innovations in Clinical Nutrition2220222611452010.22052/JNS.2025.04.061ENQaisIsmaeel KadhemFamily and Community Department, College of Medicine, University of Babylon. Babylon, IraqAuday Abd Al-RazaqAl-HusseinyCollege of medicine, University of Sumer, DhiQar, IraqSadeq Lafta MousaAl-ZamiliCollege of medicine, University of Sumer, DhiQar, IraqJournal Article20250505Today, nanotechnology is known as one of the newest methods in improving the quality and health of food. The purpose of this article is to examine nutrition and the effect of nanomedicines in controlling obesity and improving nutrition. Polymer Nano capsules have a special ability to store and release the carrier substance. In general, in obesity nutrition therapy, there are points that should be considered to achieve effective and appropriate weight loss. In this article, in order to lose weight by 5-10%, which can be considered as a healthy weight loss, methods of reducing carbohydrates and low fat have been evaluated along with the use of nutritional nanomedicines that can provide nutrients to the body. Also, the method of using nanomedicines to treat obesity has been investigated, which is based on targeting fat cells and safely separating bad fat accumulation from healthy fat metabolism using nanomedicines. The fact that adipose tissue in the body is not continuous and is instead stored in fragments has proven that targeting the concentrated fat that leads to obesity in a specific way and at a precise point with nanomedicines can be used in treatment. Obesity is effective. The results showed that the use of nutritional nanomedicines can improve people’s health in terms of absorption of minerals and vitamins by about 30%. In this article, different types of nanomedicines are examined along with their different applications.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114520_e078da58678709cb85ae142488cdb236.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dolutegravir via Thermoresponsive Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Cytocompatibility and Fluorescent Biodistribution Studies2227223611516310.22052/JNS.2025.04.062ENSalam ShantaTaherDepartment of pharmaceutics, College of pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqKhalidKadhem Al-KinaniDepartment of pharmaceutics, College of pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250605Delivering therapeutic agents to the brain remains a major challenge due to the restrictive nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal administration has emerged as a promising, non-invasive approach that bypasses the BBB and facilitates direct nose-to-brain transport via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways. In this study, we developed a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system for the intranasal delivery of dolutegravir sodium, a potent integrase inhibitor, with the goal of enhancing brain bioavailability for the treatment of neuroHIV and related central nervous system (CNS) complications. The NLCs were optimized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and drug incorporation efficiency. The optimized formulation exhibited a mean particle size of 90.3 nm and a PDI of 0.23, indicating a uniform size distribution suitable for nasal administration. Cytocompatibility studies conducted on a model cell line confirmed the safety of the formulation. To enhance mucosal retention and enable sustained drug release, the NLC dispersion was incorporated into a thermosensitive in situ gel. Rhodamine B, a fluorescent dye, was used as a model tracer for qualitative assessment of biodistribution. In vivo studies in rats showed a time-dependent accumulation of rhodamine B in brain tissues following a single intranasal dose of the NLC in situ gel. Peak fluorescence was observed at 2 hours post-administration, confirming efficient brain targeting via the intranasal route. In conclusion, the developed in situ gel-based NLC system demonstrates potential as a non-invasive and effective platform for targeted brain delivery. This approach offers promising therapeutic opportunities for managing CNS disorders and warrants further investigation with clinically relevant drug molecules.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115163_189273a7db7b247a10690588d2cf368a.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Al2O3-MgO Hybrid Nanoparticles as an Effective Nanocarrier for Lenalidomide as Anti-Cancer Drug for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma, Smoldering Myeloma, and Myelodysplastic Syndromes2237225011516410.22052/JNS.2025.04.063ENDilnoraRaxmatovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanKhabibjonMirzamurodovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanNasibaKudratovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanShodiyorBoboyevSamarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, UzbekistanXamidulloFozilovSamarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, UzbekistanSafiyaFayziyevaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanOlimTurakulovJizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, UzbekistanMakhfuzaRuzmetovaMamun University, Khorezm, UzbekistanNajmiddinBakaevAsia International University, Bukhara, UzbekistanAdolatJumaboyevaUrgench State Pedagogical Institute, Urgench, UzbekistanMuxtorTuraevBukhara State University, Bukhara , UzbekistanAbdukhakimAbdullaevNational Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, UzbekistanAnvarZiyadullayevich AvlokulovTashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanOtabekMirzayevUrgench State University, Urgench, UzbekistanJournal Article20250504In this study, Al2O3–MgO hybrids were synthesized via aqueous, surfactant-free processing, yielding ≈84% isolated solid and a surface zeta potential of +32 ± 2 mV. LEN was loaded by a 24 h incubation (1:5 drug: carrier w/w) in pH 6.5 buffer, achieving loading capacity (LC) 12.4 ± 0.3% and encapsulation efficiency (EE) 93.1 ± 1.1%. Loading and purity were quantified by HPLC (302 nm; tR 6.8 min) with daily calibration (0.5–50 μg mL−1, R2 ≥ 0.9999). In vitro release used a dialysis-bag method under sink conditions at pH 7.4 and 5.0 (37 °C); cumulative release was UV-Vis monitored (302 nm) and corrected for dilution, revealing near-zero-order kinetics at pH 7.4 and accelerated release at pH 5.0. LEN-loaded Al2O3–MgO demonstrated a 4–6-fold potency advantage over free LEN across MM and MDS cell lines, with negligible toxicity from empty carriers. Confocal imaging showed lysosomal trafficking as the predominant uptake route, aligning with the observed pH-responsive release profile. The system maintains carrier integrity after release and demonstrates high drug-loading efficiency with sustained release, supporting improved therapeutic indices. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115164_baeada39638b4a20837972f637d85988.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001TiO2/Ni2CuO3 Nanocomposite as the Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methyl Orange2251225911517110.22052/JNS.2025.04.064ENMustafaSaade ShakirMarket Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, IraqBanSamary AtyahEnvironmental Research Center, University of Technology, IraqJournal Article20250615A nanocomposite of TiO2 and Ni2CuO3 nanoparticles was synthesized using two different synthetic methods, namely coprecipitation and sol-gel reactions. It was confirmed that incorporating 4 wt% of Ni2CuO3 nanoparticles enhanced the visible-light sensitivity and narrowed the optical band gap to 2.65 eV. Also, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed the improved charge separation in the nanocomposite compared to the pure TiO2 sample. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was assessed for degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. By illuminating during 150 min, the degradation level of MO approached 94.17% using TiO2/4 wt%-Ni2CuO3 nanocomposite. In comparison, the nanocomposites containing 2 wt% and 6 wt% of Ni2CuO3 nanoparticles were able to degrade the MO solution by 51.14% and 82.37%, respectively. Optimization experiments demonstrated that the highest degradation efficiency was obtained using 0.05 g of the nanocomposite at a pH of around 5. Moreover, reusability tests exhibited that the TiO2/4 wt%-Ni2CuO3 nanocomposite retained the excellent photocatalytic activity over six successive reaction cycles without significant loss of efficiency. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115171_7923f3be483a9f07393ea23a1a1ac570.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation and Characterization of New Nano composite Spinel Oxide and Study of Its Chemical Activity in Removal of Indigo Carmine Dye2260227011398810.22052/JNS.2025.04.065ENHusseinTurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Babylon University, Babil 51002, IraqAnghamG. HadiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Babylon University, Babil 51002, IraqJournal Article20230308Spinel oxide exhibits numerous advantageous properties, leading to enhanced performance in various applications such as catalysis, sensing, batteries, dye degradation and drug storage. A significant area of current research revolves around its potential to eliminate organic pollutants from wastewater, addressing environmental concerns. In a particular study, we prepared manganese-copper oxide catalyst alone and supported by magnesium oxide by co- perception method via calcination at different temperatures of 500 and 600°C. The resulting powder of prepared precursors was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive x-ray technique (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was investigated by removing (97.3%) of indigo carmine dye from the effluents of textile wastewater by adsorption and photocatalytic degradation; the reaction was followed by a UV/Vis spectrophotometer at λmax =610 nm. The optimum conditions of temperature and contact time and weight were studied to find out which catalysts gave the highest dye removal efficiency.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_113988_fb4905124c272ace37d57dec2289d81c.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Application of CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as an Effective Nanocarrier in Antibacterial Efficacy of Smart Drug Delivery System for Encapsulation of Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol2271228111517210.22052/JNS.2025.04.066ENMohinurRabiyevaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanFarrukhNamozovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilnozaKarshievaSamarkand Campus, University of Economics and Pedagogy, UzbekistanKamolaSattarovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanXosiyatSanoyevaBukhara State University, Bukhara, UzbekistanMahbubaZiyayevaJizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Jizzakh, UzbekistanRavshanAbduraxmanovJizzakh Branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, UzbekistanDilfuzaShodiyarovaSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanMukhabbatBuriyevaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanSherjonSherjonovMamun University, Khorezm, UzbekistanBunyodKendjaevUrganch Innovation University, Urgench, UzbekistanAbdieva NargizaShukhratovnaTashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanAbrorbekSamandarovUrgench State University, Khorezm, UzbekistanJournal Article20250626Super-paramagnetic CuFe₂O₄ (18 ± 3 nm, 39 emu g⁻¹) was synthesised via CTAB-directed co-precipitation; antibiotics were surface-loaded under mild aqueous conditions to yield GT@CuFe₂O₄ (17.3 wt % gentamycin) and CM@CuFe₂O₄ (9.1 wt % chloramphenicol). Bactericidal activity was quantified by broth micro-dilution and drop-plate enumeration against ATCC 25922 and 29213 strains; magnetic guidance (1.3 T) and release kinetics (pH 5.5/7.4) were monitored by ICP-OES and HPLC-UV. GT@CuFe₂O₄ eradicated planktonic E. coli at 15.6 µg mL⁻¹ (0.28 µg mL⁻¹ released drug), whereas CM@CuFe₂O₄ achieved 31.3 µg mL⁻¹ against S. aureus (2.8 µg mL⁻¹ released drug); both values matched free-antibiotic MICs yet required 4- to 5-fold lower antibiotic doses. A 30-min magnetic exposure halved the effective MIC for E. coli and enabled > 95 % particle recovery within 60 s. Zero-order release (0.12 µg mL⁻¹ h⁻¹) persisted for 24 h at pH 5.5, mirroring biofilm acidification kinetics. CuFe₂O₄ nanocarriers act as redox-silent, magnetically addressable depots that amplify aminoglycoside/amphenicol potency while reducing systemic load, offering a clinically translatable strategy for precision antibacterial therapy.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115172_2ab30aeab582b6efe3a5898015f9fca8.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Corn Starch Nanoparticles as an Effective and Nontoxic Nanocarrier Involving Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Smart Drug Delivery2282229211517510.22052/JNS.2025.04.067ENMatlubaBadritdinovaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilnavozYuldashevaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanKamolaSuvanovaSamarkand Campus, University of Economics and Pedagogy, Samarkand, UzbekistanNilufarRazzakovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanSherjonSherjonovMamun University, Khorezm, UzbekistanDurdonaAchilovaJizzakh Branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, UzbekistanShukhratValievSamarkand State Medical University, 140100 Samarkand, UzbekistanAlisherSoliyevBukhara State Medical Institute, UzbekistanJasurbekYodgorovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilraboUbaidovaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilfuzaErgashevaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan;NizamovAkhtam NumanovichSamarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, University Boulevard, 15, Samarkand, 703004, UzbekistanMaqsadMatyakubovUrgench State University, Khorezm, UzbekistanJournal Article20250615This study presents a nontoxic starch-based nanocarrier platform for epigenetic drug delivery, focusing on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). We engineered maleate-esterified corn starch nanoparticles (CS-NPs) with a sub-100 nm size (78 ± 9 nm by SEM; favorable renal clearance window) and a carboxylated surface to enable gentle, solvent-disciplined preparation without compromising biocompatibility. The CS-NPs were loaded with vorinostat (SAHA) via non-covalent encapsulation, achieving an actual loading of 9.8 ± 0.3% (theoretical 12%) and an encapsulation efficiency of 82 ± 2%, with minimal burst release (~1.7 ± 0.2% over initial cycles). HDAC inhibition assays using HDAC1 revealed that CS-SAHA retains potency (IC50 = 18 ± 2 nM) essentially indistinguishable from free SAHA (16 ± 1 nM); isoform selectivity across HDAC1/2/6 remained consistent post-encapsulation, indicating preserved pharmacological profiling. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization showed a predominantly amorphous, covalently grafted matrix with robust thermal stability (TGA up to ~250 °C) and surface carboxylate groups, supporting stability during sterilization and storage. In vitro trafficking data demonstrate enhanced uptake in CD44-overexpressing cells, while hematological parameters in vivo suggest low acute toxicity. Collectively, these CS-NPs exemplify a scalable, GRAS-compatible, biodegraded platform capable of delivering hydrophobic HDAC inhibitors with preserved activity and favorable safety margins, outlining a translational path toward starch-based epigenetic depots and IND-ready protocols. Future work will address in vivo epigenetic proof-of-concept, real-time imaging, and expansion to other HDACi classes and targeting ligands.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115175_3b5740331b279e7aabfb2eec054bab3c.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001YbFeTi2O7 Nanoparticles as Magnetically Separable Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Irradiation2293230211517710.22052/JNS.2025.04.068ENSadeqKhudhur ThajeelCollege of Technical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, IraqLuayMannaa IbrahimCollege of Health and Medical Techniques, Northern Technical University, Al-Dour, IraqGhassanJasim HadiCollege of Health and Medical Techniques, Northern Technical University, Al-Dour, IraqMohamedAhmedDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Sumer, IraqQais R.LahhobCollage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, IraqMustafaMudhafarDepartment of Anesthesia Techniques and Intensive Care, Al-Taff university College, 56001, Kerbala, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Proton City, Perak, Tanjung Malim, 35900, MalaysiaJournal Article20250605YbFeTi2O7 nanoparticles (YFTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The nanoparticles exhibited superior photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, confirmed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Enhanced visible light absorption along with a proper band gap value of 2.44 eV validated the potential of synthesized nanoparticles as the visible light photocatalyst. Methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was chosen as an organic pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic efficiency of the YFTO nanoparticles. After 120 min illumination under visible light, more than 95% of the MB solution was degraded using 0.03 g of the YFTO nanoparticles. Some of the important determinants, including amount of photocatalyst and pH of MB solution, were considered to find the optimal conditions for photoactivity of the YFTO nanoparticles. Due to demonstrating the superparamagnetic property, the YFTO nanoparticles offered the ease of recovery which is crucial to provide significant reusability. In this regard, the magnetically separable YFTO showed great reusability over 5 consecutive reaction cycles. The photodegradation mechanism was studied using different radical scavenger agents, showing that hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2‾) radicals involved in the degradation of MB molecules.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115177_09b28088a39ecdd54057e22ea6fffca2.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Effects of Amination on Graphene Oxide Properties: Study of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities2303231811517810.22052/JNS.2025.04.069ENKhalidaA. ThejeelDepartment of Geophysics, College of Remote Sensing and Geophysics, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250109This research investigated the synthesis and applications of various functionalized graphene oxide (GO) derivatives with amine groups. Graphene oxide was synthesized using the Hummers’ method, yielding a black powder with a 68% yield. Its properties were studied using FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, FESEM, and XRD analysis, showing consistency with previous literature. Subsequently, several GO derivatives were prepared by incorporating amine compounds, such as 3-aminophenol (GO-1), 4-aminouracil (GO-2), 2-aminobenzoic acid (GO-3), naphthylamine (GO-4), and o-anisidine (GO-5). Spectroscopic and XRD analyses of these derivatives revealed changes in structural and compositional properties, indicating successful functionalization. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the functionalized GO derivatives were evaluated. Antibacterial activity tests showed that GO-1 was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli, surpassing conventional antibiotics such as ampicillin. For antifungal activity, comparative data with fluconazole were not available, but previous studies suggest that functionalized graphene oxide may possess antifungal properties. In the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH assay, the derivatives displayed significant variations in their ability to scavenge free radicals. Among these derivatives, GO-1 demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity with a scavenging rate of up to 56.3% at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, and an IC50 value of 25.4 µg/mL. These results support the effectiveness of functional modifications on graphene oxide in enhancing its antioxidant properties. Amine-modified graphene oxide has improved properties in anti-oxidant and anti-microbial applications, that is interesting for environment and medical applications.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115178_5a5347906c2c8098ed432b8dd0e5a4ab.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Comparative Anticancer Evaluation of Green and Chemically Synthesized MnO2 Nanoparticles on Pancreatic Cancer Cells2319232811517910.22052/JNS.2025.04.070ENSarahF.AL MayaliDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, kerbala, IraqAulaM. Al HindawiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, kerbala, IraqIbtihalAlshamartiDepartment of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kufa Najaf, IraqJournal Article20250625Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized using two different methods: an environmentally friendly green synthesis using flaxseed extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, and a conventional chemical precipitation method employing sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O). Spectroscopic and structural characterization techniques (UV-Vis DRS, XRD, TEM, FESEM, EDX, and FTIR) revealed that the synthesis method significantly influenced the optical and structural properties of the nanoparticles. MnO₂ nanoparticles obtained via green synthesis exhibited the β-MnO₂ phase and had a band gap energy of 1.57 eV, whereas those produced by the chemical method exhibited the α-MnO₂ phase with a higher band gap of 2.06 eV. To assess their biological activity, cytotoxicity was evaluated against pancreatic cancer cells using the MTT assay. The results showed that both nanoparticle types caused a significant reduction in cell viability at high concentrations (500 µg/mL), while no significant cytotoxic effects were observed at lower concentrations (≤ 31.25 µg/mL). The IC₅₀ values indicated that the biosynthesized nanoparticles had greater cytotoxic potential (39.6 µg/mL) compared to the chemically synthesized ones (73.5 µg/mL), highlighting the influence of synthesis method on biological performance.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115179_7b0e59b9840533cc8ae7cec79adb77a1.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Ginkgo Biloba- Silver Nanoparticles and Bilobetein: Anti-Cancer Effects on serum for iraqi patients of Lung Cancer2329234111430210.22052/JNS.2025.04.071ENHibaJ. HusseinDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqNijoudFaisal Yousif AL-SaaragDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham,University of Baghdad, IraqGhasakHashim SakbanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqGhufranKadhim TalalDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20240608The study focused on testing the anti-cancer effects of Ginkgo biloba extract-derived silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), specifically examining cytokeratin21-1, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and retinol binding protein-1. Synthesis and characterization of Ag NPs from ginkgo biloba extract were conducted, followed by testing different concentrations of bilobetein to evaluate their anti-cancer effects and identify the optimal dose for lowering the concentrations of cytokeratin21-1, human alpha-1-antitrypsin, and retinol binding protein-1.XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size and crystal structure of Ag-NPs were 29 nm and FCC-like, respectively. FE-SEM images showed spherical and cubic shapes with a particle size of 89 nm. UV-visible spectrum analysis indicated an optical energy gap of 3.5 eV for Ag-NPs.In the experiment, Bilobetein, an active compound in Ginkgo Biloba, and solutions containing varying concentrations of Ag-NPs from Ginkgo Biloba were synthesized. The impact of these solutions on the concentrations of CYFRA21-1, α1AT, and CRBP-1 was investigated to determine the optimal concentration for reducing the protein levels.After adding Bilobetein at a concentration of 8 ppm, the mean α1AT concentration values for control, adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung cancer were 45.16 ± 4.51, 47.72 ± 1.01, and 50.13 ± 1.29, respectively. Similarly, after adding Ag NPs/ginkgo biloba at a concentration of 4 ppm, the α1AT concentration values for control, small cell lung cancer, and adenocarcinoma lung cancer were 44.48 ± 4.88, 45.89 ± 2.18, and 45.16 ± 4.51, respectively.Regarding RBP-1 concentration values, after adding Bilobetein at a concentration of 8 ppm, the mean values for control, adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung cancer were 2.22 ± 0.19, 2.28 ± 0.25, and 2.91 ± 0.46, respectively. Conversely, after adding Ag NPs/ginkgo biloba at a concentration of 4 ppm, the RBP-1 concentration values for control, small cell lung cancer, and adenocarcinoma lung cancer were 2.07 ± 0.13, 2.09 ± 0.049, and 2.62 ± 0.149, respectively.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114302_e7537dec91bea34c6a1199e2e759ec0a.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Improvement the Dispersion of TiO2-PEG Nanoparticles as Novel and Efficient UV Filter in Sunscreen Formulation2342235211518810.22052/JNS.2025.04.072ENShakhloYuldashovaBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanLolaSultonovaBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanZarnigorNurovaBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanZuxraAmangeldievaKarakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Nukus, Karakalpakstan, Republic of UzbekistanJavlonBekpulatovTashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Republic of UzbekistanDilnozaSaidjalilovaTashkent state Medical University, Tashkent, Republic of UzbekistanRahmatullaGaipnazarovInternational Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of UzbekistanMavludaAchilovaChirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, Republic of UzbekistanSurayyoKhasanovaMamun University, Khiva, Republic of UzbekistanKhurshidKhakimovBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of UzbekistanGuzalKlebleevaSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of UzbekistanNurbekYaxshimuratovUrgench state university, Urganch, Republic of UzbekistanIkramjonMasharipovTashkent state University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanJournal Article20250607A solvent-free, microwave-assisted protocol was developed to covalently graft poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (Mn ≈ 2 kDa) onto anatase nanocrystals at a surface density of 1.8 chains nm⁻². The resulting TiO₂-PEG hybrid disperses in caprylic/capric triglyceride as 12 ± 3 nm primary particles (PDI < 0.12) and retains 96 % of its grafted layer after 24 h at 40 °C, whereas emulsifier-free controls lose 29 % of PEG and flocculate to 680 nm. Solid-state ¹³C NMR confirms Ti–O–C ether linkages, while FT-IR shows complete loss of terminal vinyl resonances, evidencing chemisorption rather than physisorption. Photocatalytic ROS generation falls to 12 % relative to P25 (below the 15% EU photo-safe threshold) and an additional 33 % suppression is observed when polyglyceryl-6-stearate is present, attributable to a co-adsorbed lamellar barrier. In-vitro SPF testing (ISO 24444:2019) reveals SPF 50 and λ = 374 nm at only 5 wt % solids, outperforming un-coated P25 by 1.8-fold while maintaining four-star UVA coverage. Reducing the particle load to 3 wt % still yields SPF 32, validating a 40 % mineral-burden decrease without efficacy loss. The platform offers a transparent, broad-spectrum and reef-compatible UV filter that satisfies forthcoming EU low-nano mandates.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115188_a11cece0754c76118d3b6cb065efea60.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Enhancing the Performance of Solar Thermal Collectors Using Nanocomposite (Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Combined with Zinc Titanate) Extracted from Malva Sylvestris2353236311522010.22052/JNS.2025.04.073ENAli Hussein JabbarAl-JubainawiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Misan, Maysan, IraqNoor SabahKhadimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Misan, Maysan, IraqAli JasimMohammedDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Misan, Maysan, IraqJournal Article20250814Improving efficiency of solar thermal collectors using the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots/Zn₂Ti₃O₈ (N-CQDs/ZTO) nanocomposites extracted from Malva sylvestris is promising for enhancing the thermal sustainability. This nanocomposite is considered a natural source of carbon and nitrogen used as a component in a spectrally selective solar absorber coating. The N-CQDs/ZTO, which made them better at absorbing visible spectrum and moving charge carriers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the consistent distribution of N-CQDs on the Zn₂Ti₃O₈ surface. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed a significant red shift and a smaller band gap (2.73 eV) when compared to pristine Zn₂Ti₃O₈ (3.36 eV). Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed better electron-hole separation efficiency. The N-CQDs/ZTO nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic degradation capacity for methylene blue (MB) after 120 minutes of exposure to visible light, achieving a 91.7% elimination rate. Throughout a sequence of five cycles, the examination on the solution pH, catalyst loading and oxidant concentration reveals that the thermal performance of solar collector would be more active and stable. The enhancement of the solar thermal collector with nanocomposite showed that it could work better as a photocatalyst, which means it could be used in hybrid solar thermal–photocatalytic systems. The N-CQDs/ZTO nanocomposite is a good candidate for use in solar thermal collectors and other renewable energy conversion systems because its optical and thermal properties work together to improve the overall efficiency of solar energy use. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115220_82e2745067df6b7d504c4237145cf30e.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient and Sensitive Microbeads for Drug Delivery2364237611522310.22052/JNS.2025.04.074ENMakhamadsodikIsroilovCentral Asian Medical University, Fergana, UzbekistanAbdijabborAmanovNamangan State University, Namangan, UzbekistanNusratillaFattakhovFergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, UzbekistanDilfuzaKasimovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanIrodaKamilovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanMakhliyoAslonovaBukhara State medical institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanMalikaIsmatovaBukhara State medical institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanSanjarRuziboyevSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanOrziqulXakimovJizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, UzbekistanBunyodKendjaevUrganch Innovation University, Urgench, Republic of UzbekistanSherjonSherjonovMamun University, Urgench, UzbekistanSaparbayevaNasiba RakhimbayevnaUrgench State Medical Institute, Urgench, UzbekistanMaqsadMatyakubovUrgench State University, Urgench, UzbekistanJournal Article20250618We report a magnetically actuated, carbon-based microbead platform engineered by in situ growth of ferrite nanocrystals directly onto carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), subsequently encapsulated within a hydrogel shell to yield monodisperse, tunable microbeads (diameter ~62 μm). NiFe2O4@MWCNT- and CoFe2O4@MWCNT-derived microbeads combine high payload capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) with robust magnetic responsiveness, enabling rapid magnetophoretic localization under modest field gradients (0.15 T) and minimizing systemic exposure. Comprehensive structural and magnetic characterization confirms conformal ferrite coverage, epitaxial integration with the CNT scaffold, and superparamagnetic behavior at physiological temperatures, with residual moments of 20–25 emu g−1 suitable for magnetic steering. Doxorubicin loading exceeds 33–35 μg mg−1 (entrapment efficiency >85%), and release is strongly pH-responsive: less than 12% release at pH 7.4 over 48 h (blood conditions) versus approximately 76–78% release at pH 6.0 (tumor-like milieu), corresponding to a 6.5–6.9-fold differential. Release kinetics follow Korsmeyer–Peppas behavior (n ≈ 0.43), indicating anomalous transport dominated by polymer relaxation, enabling sustained drug liberation over 24–48 h without an initial burst. In vitro, magnetically guided DOX delivery to glioblastoma cells enhances intracellular DOX uptake (~3.8-fold) and reduces the IC50 to ~0.70 μM (vs 1.8 μM for free DOX), while non-tumor cells remain largely unaffected, yielding an improved therapeutic index (TSI > 1.2). The platform’s modularity supports integration with additional therapeutics and imaging modalities, presenting a translatable approach for image-guided, targeted chemotherapy with improved safety margins.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115223_c287cae3548a6bf8f3ecdc4a0e53e6b8.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Application of Corn Starch Nanoparticles Immobilized on Hydroxyapatite Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CSNP@HA–MWCNTs) in Bone Tissue Engineering2377238911522410.22052/JNS.2025.04.075ENAzimArtikovBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilnozaUmarovaTashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, UzbekistanNigoraUmarovaTashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, UzbekistanTatyanaShatskayaTashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, UzbekistanAzizaJumaevaBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanSaodatYarmukhamedovaSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanAbduavazGanievTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanEldorSalokhitdinovFergana medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, UzbekistanDianaRuzmetovaChirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, UzbekistanNigoraJuraevaAndijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, UzbekistanNigoraTuropovaTermez State University, Termez, UzbekistanJasurOzodovBukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanKaxramonUrazmetovUrgench state university, Urganch, UzbekistanJournal Article20250510Critical-sized femoral defects still pose a clinical challenge because conventional grafts lack the spatiotemporal control required to couple vascular invasion with de-novo bone formation. We report a third-generation scaffold that converses in the biochemical dialect of bone: corn-starch nanoparticles (CSNP) covalently immobilized on hydroxyapatite-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CSNP@HA–MWCNT). Regio-selective periodate oxidation of starch generates dialdehyde chains that Schiff-base-tether to HA and MWCNT surfaces, yielding a ternary hybrid (75 % mass recovery) with 1.2 S m⁻¹ conductivity and 27 wt % mineral content. Ionotropic bead formation (2.1 ± 0.1 mm Ø, 78 % open porosity) provides immediate press-fit stability (185 kPa modulus) while permitting 6.8 g g⁻¹ swelling. Enzymatic degradation releases 73 % of the polysaccharide within 21 days, unmasking a persistent HA–MWCNT lattice that delivers 42 ppm Ca²⁺ burst followed by zero-order release (0.35 µg mL⁻¹ d⁻¹). In vitro, metabolic activity of murine mesenchymal stem cells peaks at 135 % of plastic, ALP at 3.2 µU ng⁻¹ DNA and mineral deposition at 38 µg Ca cm⁻² (day 21). In a 5 mm rat femoral defect, 78 ± 5 % radiographic bridging versus 19 ± 4 % for empty controls (p < 0.001) is achieved at 8 weeks with a histological score of 1.2, confirming low inflammation and mature trabeculae. The construct offers an instructive, load-bearing alternative that begins life in a cornfield yet finishes in cortical bone.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115224_a3fa872b88da4562961595874b071262.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Investigate the Impact of Propolis-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles (PLNs) on Antioxidant Activity in Male Rats2390240111523010.22052/JNS.2025.04.076ENMutashar J.JiheelDeportment of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Wasit, IraqNabaa SaeedAneedDepartment of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Wasit, IraqAsawer KareemALsadoonDepartment of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Wasit, IraqJournal Article20250612The aims of study is detecting the impact antioxidant Propolis-loaded lipid nanoparticles (PLNs) in male rats. Sixty-four male mature male Wister rats (aged 90 days and weighted 148±10 g) divided four group. Group 1 were Control group drenched with distilled water for (28) days and Second group were administered Propolis extraction (PL) (10 mg\\kg\\day), third group administered with free LNPs (20mg \\ Kg) and the fourth group administered with LNPs-PL (20mg\\ kg \\day). The result of X-Ray diffraction of LNPs-PL in major peak at 28.56° in the diffract to gram has moved to a lower 2θ value. The Zeta Potential (ZP) values of all formulations prepared were measured to be negative. The result indicates that the ZP ranges between 33.7 mV to -48.7 mV with the smallest size comprising the PLNs. The PDI value in the case of LNPs- PL were 0.265. The change in liver enzyme indicated a significant increase (P 0.05) in the expression of gene of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in G4 group in comparison of control group (G1) 14 and 28 days later. The results also indicated that G2 group recorded a significant increment (62 C (P600.05)) after a period of 28 days compared to the same group after 14 days. Whereas, the transcript output of the Antioxidants revealed that there was a significant reduction (P Effect on Shell deformities on the gene expression of Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD1) in the G4 group than in the control group (G1), after 14 and 28 days. The results also indicated a huge reduction (P14 days as compared with G4 group after 28 days (P 0.05).https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115230_8cb53a0ec2013a08c9c75dcd5a155ad6.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Antimicrobial of Binary Nano-Composite ZnO/V2O5: Green Synthesis2402241011523110.22052/JNS.2025.04.077ENMustafaAhmedDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqAbbas A-AliDreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqHussein I.IsmaelDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250516Antimicrobial Binary Nano-Composite ZnO/V2O5 is synthesized through modified green sol-Gel method, that’s depend on extract solution of Rishi mushroom. Calcination process have been done through different temperature degrees that’s ranged from 300 into 700 ˚C. Characterization of Binary Nano-Composite ZnO/V2O5 is achieved through band gap measurements, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Antimicrobial activity of Binary Nano-Composite ZnO/V2O5 is tested towards two different types of gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aures) bacteria. The band gap value of binary nano-composite is equal to 3.424 eV .X-ray diffraction data show that binary nano-composite crystals is orthorhombic amorphous forms with average crystal sizes of 29.63nm. According to FE-SEM measurements that show the Crystal size of binary nano-composite is obeyed into nano scale, since the grain size ranges from 29.63 to 30.38nm. The synthesized binary nano composite have high antimicrobial activity toward the bacteria at concentration ranges from (0.025,0.05 to 0.1 mg/ml).https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115231_c7e3a06524a64687ea623874832f2374.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis and Ameliorating the Morphological, Structural and Linear/Nonlinear Optical Features of PVA/SnO2-SiC Nanostructures for Optoelectronics and Radiation Shielding Applications2411242911523210.22052/JNS.2025.04.078ENAli HusseinKareemDepartment of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, IraqMajeed AliHabeebDepartment of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250605Owing to their potent antibacterial properties and nanoscale dimensions, nanoparticles have emerged as a viable alternative for various medical and technological applications. This research involved fabricating polymer nanocomposite samples via the solution casting method. The test samples used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer as the host matrix. Different concentrations of tin dioxide (SnO2) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were introduced into the samples at various weight ratios (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) wt.%. The (PVA/SnO2-SiC) nanostructures demonstrate exceptional characteristics, including cost-effectiveness, advantageous optical properties, and reduced weight relative to other nanosystems. This study investigated the structural, optical (linear/nonlinear), morphological and radiation attenuation properties of the (PVA/SnO2-SiC) nanostructures. It was discovered that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is amorphous, and with the increase of (SnO2-SiC) nanoparticles in the polymer samples, the rate of crystallite increases through (XRD). The microstructure of the materials was characterized, and the elements of the (SnO2-SiC) nanoparticles were detected through (EDS). Optical microscope pictures revealed that the nanoparticle dispersion within the mixture had a homogenous pattern, creating a coherent network throughout the polymer matrix. The experimental findings on the optical characteristics of (PVA/SnO2-SiC) nanocomposites indicated that the recorded absorption values, absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) dielectric constants, and optical conductivity (σop), dispersion factors, nonlinear refractive index (n2), linear susceptibility (χ(1)), Urbach tail energy (Eu), nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)), average oscillator coefficient (λ0), n0, which stands for zero-frequency refractive index, and ε0, which stands for zero-frequency dielectric constant of pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) increased with higher concentrations of (SnO2-SiC) nanoparticles. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115232_4f3ead497c34393445be5813bb82aff2.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Performance improvement approach for the surface plasmon resonance of gold NP sensor based on optical waveguide configuration2430243711523810.22052/JNS.2025.04.079ENAli SahebTaihDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Babylon, IraqAli M.Al-JawdahDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Babylon, IraqNassar A.Al-IsawiDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250601Detection of biomolecules is earning wide attention from sensing researchers because of demand in many critical fields. SPR technique is considered the most efficient method to study of biomolecular. In this work we present an idea to enhance efficiency and performance of SPR based biosensor system. SPR system response to presence of specific concentration of targeted molecules by absorbing a specific light wavelength from a wide light spectrum. The accuracy of the sensing depends on the accuracy of absorbed wavelength shift tracking. The resonance absorbation in the output light specrum observed as a dip in SPR reflection intensity. The tracking precision of the dip peak position on the wavelength axis determines sensitivity of the sensing. This work presents an idea that makes the dip peak more sharp, and decrease the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the dip peak. consequently the whole performance will be improved in terms of sensitivity and consequently the whole performance will be improved in terms of sensitivity and low limit detection parameter.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115238_248d5bc0ce234c2b946df3b47952e034.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Studying the Structural, Electrical Properties and Antibacterial Applications of PMMA-PEO/SiO2 Nanocomposites2438244611524110.22052/JNS.2025.04.080ENHussein AliHadiDepartment of Physics. College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon. Babylon, IraqSameer H.Al-nesrawyDepartment of Physics. College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon. Babylon, IraqShurooq S.Al-AbbasDepartment of Physics. College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon. Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250628This study focuses on the production of PMMA-PEO/SiO2 nanocomposites by adding varying amounts of silicon oxide (0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2, and 5.6%). This research addresses the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles into PMMA-PEO polymer blends. The electrical and structural properties of the PMMA-PEO matrix were studied by adding nanoparticles at varying ratios. FTIR investigations revealed the functional groups and chemical bonds of the nanocomposites. The structural, electrical, and FTIR properties of the nanocomposites were proposed. FESEM examinations demonstrated the surface structure of the nanocomposites and the homogeneous formation of silicon oxide nanomaterials with PMMA-PEO polymers. Applying an electric field increased the frequency, decreased the dielectric constant, and reduced electrical losses. The data revealed the amount of electrical loss in each sample and the extent to which the dielectric constant increased with increasing silicon oxide content. This phenomenon was observed in relation to the electrical conductivity of alternating current. In addition, PMMA-PEO/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared, and these composites demonstrated their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. This inhibition ability increased with increasing the number of SiO2 nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that the laboratory-prepared nanocomposites possess unique properties, combining the electrical properties of silicon oxide with those of PMMA and PEO polymers. Samples were placed in a Mueller-Hinton medium at 34–37 °C for 24 hours for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Laboratory tests also demonstrated that these nanocomposites effectively inhibited the growth of various types of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115241_3223122aab928e9ca2bca87942c9d076.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Thermodynamic Study of TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Sol-Gel Decomposition to Remove Pesticide from a Liquid Medium2447245511524210.22052/JNS.2025.04.081ENKhawlaKareemMinistry of Education, Directorate Education of Rusafa-2, Baghdad, IraqBasma IsamJasimDepartment of Chemical Industrial, Institute of Technology, Baghdad, Middle Technical University, IraqNibras Abdul-AmeerAboudDepartment of Chemical Industrial, Institute of Technology, Baghdad, Middle Technical University, IraqShaimaa B.AL-baghdadiEnergy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, IraqJournal Article20250628A method for generating high-quality titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution at the nanometer scale is described. The TiO2 nanostructures are produced using the sol-gel process. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal small, uniform spherical nanocrystals arranged in a reticular lattice pattern, with an average grain size of approximately 56 nm. The purity of the spherical crystal structure of all prepared metal sulfides is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicates an average crystal size of 40 nm. The ability of the nanomaterial to remove the pesticide pentachlorophenol (PCP) from aqueous solution was then evaluated, showing an impressive nanoparticle production efficiency of 80 %. The adsorption equilibria are consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Since adsorption is an endothermic physical process, a correlation coefficient (R = 0.98) indicates that the Freundlich model is the most suitable for experimental conditions, these results confirm the surface play a good role for pollutants removal.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115242_81c07d2eabd15b0d1fe56d696ca34c78.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Latent Fingerprint Detection by New Azochalcone Dye for 4-Aminoacetopheneone and Its Palladium Nano Complex2456246711524410.22052/JNS.2025.04.082ENIman HadiShamkhiScience College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IraqHasan ShamranMohammedScience College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IraqVishwa DeepakTripathiScience College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, DarbhangaJournal Article20250505This study presents the synthesis of an azo-chalcone derivative obtained from 4-aminoacetophenone, 6-bromo-2-naphthol, and cinnamic aldehyde, designated as BHND, together with its palladium nanocomplex. Structural characterization was carried out using a range of techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental chemical analysis, molar conductivity, electronic spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and ^1H-NMR spectroscopy. The dyeing resistance of both the ligand and its palladium complex was examined on wool and polyamide fibers, revealing promising fastness properties. The synthetic route involved the condensation of 4-aminoacetophenone with benzaldehyde to yield a chalcone, which was subsequently converted into a diazonium salt, coupled with chalcones, and then reacted with thiobarbituric acid to afford the target azo-chalcone dye. The synthesized compounds demonstrated strong stability and excellent performance on multiple surfaces, showing higher efficiency than the conventional black powder method used for latent fingerprint detection. In addition, the palladium nanocomplex exhibited desirable crystalline nanomaterial features, highlighting its potential applications in dyeing, forensic science, and nanomaterials researchhttps://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115244_032b694dd0e691dafecdc809c31846b8.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Evaluation of Iron Oxide/Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol/Paclitaxel Nanocomposites Against Breast Cancer Cells2468247811524510.22052/JNS.2025.04.083ENAlaa FakhriHasanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, IraqNada Y.FairoozDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, IraqJournal Article20250624Paclitaxel, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent—particularly for breast cancer—faces limitations such as low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, degradation, and poor aqueous solubility. Known as a mitotic inhibitor, paclitaxel’s effectiveness can be enhanced through nanocarrier systems. In this study, paclitaxel was delivered using iron oxide–graphene oxide–polyethylene glycol (iron oxide–GO–PEG) nanoparticles. The structural and morphological characteristics of both the unloaded and paclitaxel-loaded iron oxide–GO–PEG nanoparticles were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurements. The cytotoxic efficacy of free paclitaxel and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. Results showed that paclitaxel-loaded iron oxide–GO–PEG nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to free paclitaxel, indicating enhanced drug delivery efficiency. These findings suggest that iron oxide–GO–PEG nanocarriers represent a promising platform for improving paclitaxel delivery and offer potential for the development of more effective breast cancer therapies.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115245_696c3127e5a9ec141dce2941f61dcc7e.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Investigation of Structural and Optical Behaviors of Nanocomposite-Doped Polyethylene Oxide Films2479249111524810.22052/JNS.2025.04.084ENAlhak AbdmuslimHassanDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Babylon, IraqAbdulazeez O. MousaAl-ogailiDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250604The present study investigates how incorporating 5 wt.% coffee husk (CH) powder affects the structural and optical characteristics of composite films created from high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide (PEO). The solution casting method was used to make the PEO-CH composite films. The XRD analysis showed that all of the produced films had a semicrystalline structure. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of multiple functional groups in the matrix of PEO. The observed absorption bands correspond to C–H stretching and bending vibrations, O–H groups, and a characteristic C–O–C triplet bond, indicative of the polymer’s molecular structure. FESEM examination demonstrated that coffee husk particles exhibited plate-like morphology. The EDX elemental analysis of pure PEO films showed that they contained 54.6% carbon and 45.4% oxygen, while the doped films had additional elements: 55.2% carbon, 43.7% oxygen, 0.4% aluminum, 0.3% silicon, 0.1% potassium, 0.1% calcium, and 0.2% nickel. The optical properties of the PEO-based composite films, which were 97.5 μm and 83.5 μm thick, were studied using methods like measuring how much light passed through and how much was reflected and analyzing the refractive index and extinction coefficient. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of pure PEO exhibited a single absorption peak at 240 nm. Incorporation of CH reduced both direct and indirect bandgap energies from 4.5 eV to 2.9 eV and from 3.3 eV to 1.5 eV, respectively.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115248_307034fcc52526e6ec759cb03d4eec89.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001The Biological Activity of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles on Salmonella Enterica Isolated from Clinical Cases2492250311525310.22052/JNS.2025.04.085ENZahraa Alaa HatemAl-khazrajiDepartment of Applied Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, IraqMais EmadAhmedDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqMohanad JawadKadhimDepartment of Applied Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20250524This research examined the identification of biogenic selenium nanoparticle (SeNPs) synthesized with lemon peel extract, the antimicrobial and antimicrobial biofilm inhibition test conducted on Salmonella enterica isolates, the prepared surface confirmed by XRD, EDX and FESEM techniques. The selective media committed in identification of the Salmonella isolates were SS and XLD whereby they exemplified normal colony morphologies characteristics of living organisms producing sulfur (hydrogen sulfide is produced by Salmonella species). Biochemical identification was also authenticated using Vitek2 Automated analysis and the probabilities given are similar to the Salmonella species identification that is 94-99% and were confirmed using molecular tools that is gel electrophoresis and NCBI BLAST analysis where high percentages of identity were shown 93.41% to 99.75% to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high uncertainty in resistance pattern as far as some of the isolates were multiple-drug resistant (MDR), which indicates the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance related to Salmonella. Antimicrobial properties of biogenic SeNPs were also determined and it was identified that antimicrobial action of the nanomaterials was dose-dependent with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/mL. Furthermore, the SeNPs had a high inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation that was also synergistic once combined with tetracycline. These data indicate that biogenic SeNPs are promising antimicrobial agents and add-ons to conventional antibiotics against Salmonella infection and biofilm-related resistance.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115253_da2e345bed89f122a650e36e52d9927d.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Application of Fe3O4-Celloluse Acetate Supported on Hydroxyapatite Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Fe3O4-CA-HA-MWCNTs) in Bone Tissue Engineering2504251611525810.22052/JNS.2025.04.086ENOtabekAstanovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Bukhara, UzbekistanAliakbarRasulevTashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanShakhzodTurabekovKimyo International University in Tashkent, Samarkand 140 100, UzbekistanSaloxiddinAliqulovJizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, UzbekistanDavronAbduraximovChirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, UzbekistanAbdujamilKuchimovJizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, UzbekistanUmidaYusupovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanFeruzaKhusankhodjaevaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanDilafruzMahmudovaKokand State University, Fergana, UzbekistanG'olibjonEshonkulovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Bukhara, UzbekistanMaqsadMatyakubovUrgench State University, Urgench, UzbekistanDilfuzaAvazyazovaMamun university, Urgench city, UzbekistanSaparovSalamat PerdebaevichNukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Nukus, UzbekistanJournal Article20251211Critical-sized long-bone defects still resist endogenous healing because contemporary grafts fail to couple mechanical integrity with spatiotemporally resolved bio-electrical cues. We report a quaternary construct, Fe₃O₄-cellulose-acetate-hydroxyapatite-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe₃O₄-CA-HA-MWCNTs), that unites load-bearing modulus, magnetic actuation, osteoinduction and imaging visibility in a single injectable bead. Hybrid microfibres (187 ± 23 nm) were first generated by co-electrospinning cellulose-acetate doped with 24 wt % super-paramagnetic Fe₃O₄ (8–10 nm) and 28 wt % HA-decorated MWCNTs; alkaline regeneration exposed cellulosic –OH, yielding 78 % open porosity and 185 kPa compressive strength. Remote magnetic stimulation (0.15 T, 50 Hz, 30 min day-1) elevated ALP 1.8-fold and mineral deposition 2.1-fold versus static controls without compromising viability (> 90 %). Antibacterial assays showed 2.9 mm inhibition zones against E. coli at 5 wt % Ag with no cytotoxicity. Enzymatic degradation released 24 % mass within 10 days while the HA–MWCNT core remained intact (Raman D/G 0.84). In a 5 mm rat femoral defect, 76 ± 4 % radiographic bridging was achieved at 8 weeks versus 18 ± 3 % for empty defects (p < 0.001) with a histological score of 1.1 ± 0.2, confirming low inflammation and mature trabeculae. The study delivers an instructive, magnetically responsive scaffold that begins as an agricultural side-stream and finishes as cortical bone, offering a clinically translatable route for load-bearing segmental repair.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115258_2b726f5e0af76cc79c52af5c3d1e6717.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid TiO2-MgO Nanoparticles Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide (TiO₂-MgO/rGO (TMG)) as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent2517252711527710.22052/JNS.2025.04.087ENBakhtiyorKhasanovBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanSherzodGaybullaevSamarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanMusharrafMukhammadievaBukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, UzbekistanShahloAkhamdjonovaFergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, UzbekistanMehrinisoQoyilovaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanGulnoraRakhimovaTashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Tashkent, UzbekistanOygulRakhimovaTashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.UrinboyKuryozovUrgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Beruni, Urgench, UzbekistanZaynobiddinKhakimovAndijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, UzbekistanSayyoraAkhmedovaTashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanAbseitRustemovChirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, UzbekistanDilshodxonKodirovaFergana State Technical University, Fergana, UzbekistanRasulovIlkhom InamovichKokand State University, Kokand, Republic of UzbekistanJournal Article20250517The escalating challenge of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of novel, multi-mechanistic agents. This work presents the rational design and synthesis of a ternary TiO₂-MgO/reduced graphene oxide (TiO₂-MgO/rGO) nanocomposite (designated as TMG) via a facile two-step hydrothermal route. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful formation of the hybrid structure, where uniformly dispersed, quasi-spherical TiO₂-MgO nanoparticles (20-40 nm) were anchored on the crumpled rGO sheets. FT-IR and UV-Vis DRS analyses verified the effective reduction of GO and indicated enhanced visible-light absorption, suggesting improved charge separation. The nanocomposite exhibited superior, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity compared to its individual components (TiO₂/rGO and MgO/rGO) and pristine rGO. Quantitative microdilution assays against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans revealed significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for TMG (62.5, 125, and 125 µg/mL, respectively), with a bactericidal/fungicidal mode of action. Synergy was mathematically confirmed by fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICi ≤ 0.5), attributed to the combined effects of TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic ROS generation, MgO-induced membrane stress, and the high dispersion and membrane-disruptive capability of the rGO support. The TMG nanocomposite demonstrates great potential as a potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for applications where conventional antibiotics face limitations.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115277_588ec00a3c6b152e46fbb4a2f80fb7b7.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Design and Preparation of Nano-ZnO/Ag Composite for Catalytic Performance in Synthesis of Benzo(g)chromenes2528253411527810.22052/JNS.2025.04.088ENMurtada M.HasanDepartment of Clinical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, IraqAli KareemAbbasCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, IraqFarqad A.AlbaidhaniUniversity of Kerbala
College of Engineering
Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering DepartmentJournal Article20250622In this current research, the nano-sized ZnO/Ag composite was prepared through hydrothermal method. The as-prepared nano-sized composite was characterized by different methods, such as: FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared), and XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis. The XRD outcome shows that the designed nano-sized ZnO/Ag composite was formed with hexagonal shape and high crystallinity. Also, the FE-SEM images displayed that the average particle size of nano-sized ZnO/Ag composite was obtained about 72 nm. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy confirm the presence of ZnO along with silver bands. A three-component reaction of cyanoacetonitrile, different benzaldehydes, and hennatannic acid have been done in the existence of designed nano-sized ZnO/Ag composite as a robust heterogeneous nanocatalyst to prepare benzo(g)chromenes. FT-IR, NMR, and melting point techniques were used to confirm the formation and purity of final products. The obtained compounds were produced with good to excellent yields (75-93 %) in short time (75-95 min) under reflux conditions. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115278_077a5b9865ac14ed77c57a7055ef3588.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Adsorption and Photocatalysis of Biosynthesis ZnO–MgO Nanocomposite for Removing Malachite Green Dye from Their Aqueous Solutions11528810.22052/JNS.2025.04.089ENZainabH. MohammedMinistry of Education, Baghdad, IraqHanadiA. FadhilDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science-Ibn Alhaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqKhaled.W. ShukerMinistry of Education, Baghdad, IraqJumanA. NaserDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science-Ibn Alhaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20250605In this work, a green-synthesised ZnO–MgO nanocomposite made from orange peel extract is used to study the synergistic adsorption and UV-assisted photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to exchange data regarding the structure, chemistry, and form of the nanocomposite. Several operational parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature, and UV irradiation conditions, were used to assess a removal performance in a batch system. Experimental results indicated that the ZnO–MgO nanocomposite had improved adsorption effectiveness under optimum circumstances, however the combined UV-photocatalytic process markedly increased the degradation of MG compared to adsorption alone. The Langmuir isotherm model suited the data for equilibrium better. This suggests that there was one layer of adsorption on a flat surface. Negative ΔG° results showed that the elimination process is spontaneous and possible, which was supported by thermodynamic characteristics. Studies on regeneration and reusability showed that the ZnO–MgO nanocomposite maintained its high removal effectiveness across several cycles. After being washed, dried, and reactivated with UV light several times, the material still had most of its ability to adsorb and photocatalyze. The fact that it is stable means that the composite is good for the economy and can be used for a long time. The material is very recyclable because it is strong, keeps active surface sites, and does not rust when exposed to UV light. The green-synthesized ZnO–MgO nanocomposite was very good at getting rid of malachite green dye by using both adsorption and UV photocatalysis. It could be a long-lasting and cost-effective material for advanced wastewater treatment because it has a lot of activity, is stable, and can be used again.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115288_ed7f5ca33058a7f1780b528d755e6dc7.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Friendly Green Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Citrus Aurantuim Extract and Applied in Removal of Eosin Yellow Dye2553257111529010.22052/JNS.2025.04.090ENForat HamedKadhemDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, IraqLuma M.AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, IraqSalam A.AbedDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, IraqAfraa NajiTamiAl-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, IraqWan Mohd Nuzul HakimiWan SallehDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, MalaysiaJournal Article20240517Biosynthetic routes for producing nanoparticles have created a wide interest due to their environmental friendliness, simplicity, affordability, and clean technology. They do not contain hazardous chemicals or produce contaminants or byproducts. This work affords a green synthesis approach for cerium oxide nanoparticles CeO<sub>2</sub>NP performed using hexane extract from <em>Citrus aurantuim</em> peels sourced from Karbala-Iraq. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of this hexane extract recognized key bioactive compounds inside the <em>Citrus aurantuim</em> peels extract, which included Limonene (35.72%), β-Pinene (25.43%), Myrcene (15.87%), and Linalool (12.34%) that elevated the stabilization of synthesis CeO<sub>2</sub>NP. XRD of synthesis CeO<sub>2</sub>NP revealed a cubic fluorite shape with a mean crystal size of 12nm. BET analysis indicated a specific floor area of 85.6 m²/g and a mean pore diameter of 8.2 nm, ensuring a mesoporous structure. The perfect removal of 10 ppm of eosin yellow dye using 0.025 g of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs turned into pH 6 at 90 min which agreed with zeta potential analysis, and the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The ∆H<sup>o</sup> of adsorption is 13.430 kJ/mol due to this reaction being physical adsorption. The reusability study showed the CeO<sub>2</sub>NP could be successfully used up to the 3rd cycle before a loss of 50% from efficiency.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115290_0d649f3faf1fcc5b4de571de717a8a08.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Preparation of Protein/Polymer Nanoparticles for Stabilizing Water in Water Pickering Emulsion2572258111532110.22052/JNS.2025.04.091ENSarehKheiriehDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, 87317-53153 Kashan, IranMohsenAshjariDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, 87317-53153 Kashan, IranNanostructures and Biopolymers Research Lab, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, 87317-53153 Kashan, IranJournal Article20240508A novel emulsifier based on the conjugation of methoxypolyethylene glycol (m-PEG) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was synthesized. Lysine was used as the conjugating agent between the protein and the polymer. The nanoparticle was characterized using by FTIR, H-NMR, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. The results confirmed the formation of chemical bonds and a nanoparticle size distribution of 124 nm. The resulting solid nanoparticle as emulsifier was used to stabilize water in water Pickering emulsions consisting a dextran aqueous phase as the continuous phase and a polyethylene glycol aqueous phase as the dispersed phase. Based on the phase diagram of the aqueous polymer solution, water in water emulsions were prepared by adding the emulsifier nanoparticles. Electron microscopy and optical microscopy analyses showed that the average droplet size of the emulsion was 20 micrometers. Fluorescence microscopy was used to confirm the emulsion interface and droplet stability, indicating a stability of 6 weeks. The results of this study demonstrate that the conjugation of proteins and polymers can be used to prepare nanostructures with improved surface properties, which have promising applications in the preparation of new and stable emulsions.https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115321_af0ae6263211e838c1d89bd7010e6b2d.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Synthesis of Nanocomposite Drug Structure Containing Chitosan/ Gelatin and Its Application in Diclofenac Release Control2582258911420510.22052/JNS.2025.04.092ENFarhadHeidaryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156‑8‑8349, IranInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, IranZahraSoltanmohammadiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156‑8‑8349, IranJournal Article20250617In the drug delivery system, the goal is to achieve a sustained release formulation that improves the effectiveness of drugs in certain tissues by releasing the drug for a longer period of time. On the other hand, biodegradable polymers are a suitable choice in this field. There are several properties that make biodegradable polymers suitable as carriers for drug delivery: predictable biodegradation behavior, biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, availability. Nowadays, nanoparticles have received much attention due to their wide applications in various fields of biology and medicine. Nanomaterials have great potential to increase the efficiency of pharmaceutical systems in drug delivery. In this research, gelatin and chitosan have been used as a polymer coating, which leads to the stability of barium hexaferrite nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical structure and prevents the accumulation of substances. Also, glycerin was used to improve the flexibility of drug structure containing diclofenac sodium. When nanoparticles are dispersed in a polymer substrate or coated with polymers, the improvement in performance of drug release systems can be achieved. For this purpose, in the laboratory, solutions with the same pH as blood in the human body were prepared and the effect of different parameters on the amount and manner of diclofenac release were investigated. Also, analyzes such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and VSM were used to characterize the nanostructures.<br />https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114205_af62d420ecb4b34299e68980a8b13c43.pdfUniversity of KashanJournal of Nanostructures2251-787115420251001Effect of Deposition Conditions on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of NiO Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis2590264311542110.22052/JNS.2025.04.093ENAbasJavadianSchool of Physics, Damghan University, Damghan, IranMohammad RezaFadavieslamSchool of Physics, Damghan University, Damghan, IranJournal Article20250605Thin films of Nickel oxide were successfully deposited at different substrate temperatures (440, 460, 480, and 500 oC), solution volumes (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml), and spray rates (1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ml/min) on soda-lime glass substrates using NiCl2.6H2O as a precursor at a concentration of 0.1 M and the spray pyrolysis technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the thin films were characterized. They show a polycrystalline nature with a cubic structure of single-phase NiO and peaks related to (111), (200), and (220) with a preferential orientation along (111). The morphology of NiO thin films resembles that of spherical grains on the entire surface and an average roughness ranging from 28.71 to 84.54 nm. It depends on the deposition conditions. The absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constants and optical conductivity were all calculated in the range of (300 and 1100 nm). The range of optical gap, Urbach energy, electrical resistivity, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility were measured to be 2.66 to 3.49 eV, 0.41 to 0.6 eV, 1.33×103 to 2.96×103 Ω.cm, 1.42×1014 to 3.64×1014 cm-3, and 8.21 to 24.25 cm2/v.s, respectively, as a function of deposition conditions. As the Hall effect studies showed, the films exhibited p-type conductivity. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_115421_9de76a9e153d9e827974cd0c6ac37b57.pdf