University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Comparison of the Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoscale and Aqueous Extract of Neem Plant on the Primers of Echinococcus Granulomatosis 400 406 114752 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.001 EN Rasha Shamil Hussein Al-Douri Department of Life Sciences, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Tikrit, Iraq Maysoon Mustafa Jassim Al-Douri Department of Life Sciences, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Tikrit, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 11 Hydatidosis is a common disease between humans and animals and is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus, which is endemic in Iraq and neighboring countries. Therefore, the current study aimed to know the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and neem plant extract on Protoscolex of E. granulosus isolated from sheep. Protoscolex isolated from the liver of sheep infected with aqueous sacs were incubated with extracts that were prepared in different concentrations at different intervals of 60, 30, 15, 10, 5 minutes. As for the aqueous extract of magnesium oxide, concentrations of 0.100, 0.050, 0.025 mg / ml were used, where the results showed a concentration of 0.100 mg / ml with a time of 60 minutes and treatment at a concentration of 0.050 mg / ml with a time of 60 Minute highest killing rate 95% and 98% respectively. And the aqueous extract of the dandelion plant has been used concentrations of 1000, 500, 250 mg / ml, where the treatment in sheep livers recorded concentration of 1000 mg / ml at the 60th minute the highest killing rate as it reached 93%, so significantly different from the rest of the treatments. By comparing the results of the effect of magnesium oxide nanotechnology with the plant extract, the results showed the superiority of magnesium oxide nanotechnology for all concentrations. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114752_a2f33c1e2fdd56fbf8d84ce47ad86df1.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Formulation and Evaluation of Telmisartan Nanoparticles via the Evaporative Antisolvent Precipitation Technique 407 413 114776 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.002 EN Hasanain Shakir Mahmood Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq ARCPMS, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Masar Basim Mohsin Mohamed Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Hussein Abdelamir Mohammad Pharmaceutics Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisyiah, Diwaniya, Iraq Jinan AL-Mousawy Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Maryam H. Alaayedi Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Alaa Abdulrazzaq AL- Nuaimi Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq Mustafa H. AL-Hamadani Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Mohammed Baqer Majed Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Pegah Khosravian Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2025 02 28 Telmisartan is an antihypertensive agent belongs to angiotensin II receptor blockers which is used to alleviate hypertension and cardiovascular disorders owing to its effective competitive blockade of the AT1 receptor. According to the biopharmaceutical classification system, telmisartan is a class II drug with low solubility and high permeability. NPs are generally defined as carriers with sizes ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter that can encapsulate or absorb drugs and deliver them to the desired region. Nanoparticles are considered one of the most promising recent techniques for improving the solubility of Class II drugs. Telmisartan nanoparticles were prepared via an evaporative antisolvent precipitation technique. Telmisartan (100 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM; 10 ml of dichloromethane). The polymers (PEG, PVA, or PVP) were dissolved in 100 ml of water at different concentrations via a magnetic stirrer until a homogenous solution was obtained. The drug mixture was then stirred until nanoparticles formed. Formula F2 which composed of 100 mg telmisartan and PVP as stabilizer in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml has the lowest average particle size (259 nm) and this could be due to the high affinity of PVP for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, indicating that PVP has a relatively high affinity for telmisartan. Telmisartan nanoparticles were synthesized via antisolvent precipitation. At different concentrations, the PVP, PVA, and PEG stabilizers produced nanoparticles. Unlike conventional telmisartan, the synthesized nanoparticles were released wholly and rapidly.<br />Methods: Telmisartan nanoparticles were prepared via an evaporative antisolvent precipitation technique. Telmisartan (100 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM; 10 ml of dichloromethane). The polymers (PEG, PVA, or PVP) were dissolved in 100 ml of water at different concentrations via a magnetic stirrer until a homogenous solution was obtained. The drug mixture was then stirred until nanoparticles formed.<br />Results: Formula F2 which composed of 100 mg telmisartan and PVP as stabilizer in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml has the lowest average particle size (259 nm) and this could be due to the high affinity of PVP for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, indicating that PVP has a relatively high affinity for telmisartan.<br />Conclusions: Telmisartan nanoparticles were synthesized via antisolvent precipitation. At different concentrations, the PVP, PVA, and PEG stabilizers produced nanoparticles. Unlike conventional telmisartan, the synthesized nanoparticles were released wholly and rapidly. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114776_a44a6393b0e63b02cca8a6412c5c5db5.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 The Role of Gallium in Changing the Electrical Properties and Transfer Characteristics of Indium Arsenide-Phosphorene Heterojunction Nano-TFETs 414 421 114778 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.003 EN Maryam Khorashadizadeh Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Daryoosh Dideban Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 05 In this work, the gallium is introduced into the structure of indium arsenide and contributed to the formation of In0.53Ga0.47As. Simulations are performed to study the behavior of indium arsenide-phosphorene heterostructure tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs). Density functional theory (DFT) in combination with non-equilibrium Green’s function are utilized to reveal the electrical properties and transfer characteristics of the sample in question. Current changes in terms of applied bias voltage, indicates the multiplicity of negative differential resistance (NDRs) in the sample. At Vds = 0.5V, the ratio of peak to valley current (Ip/Iv) is observed to be 138, 10 while at Vds = 0.1V, Ip/Iv ratio reaches 16, 10.3. The subthreshold slope (S) at high and low drain bias is measured at 20, 17.2 mV/decade, respectively. transmission pathway shows the possible path of electrons, and in the on-state, the increase in the volume of the arrows is completely expected.  https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114778_f11bc23581733407c832dccf65923d5e.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Olaparib-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for the Transgenic Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Integrating Targeted Therapy and MRI Imaging: A Review 422 430 114780 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.004 EN Аbitov Ilnur Ildusovich Department of Agronomy, Navoi State Mining and Technological University, Navoi, Uzbekistan Rustam Kushatov Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Uzbekistan Ixtibar Tuychiyeva Tashkent State Technical University after named Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Shoira Urazmetova Urgench Branch of Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Urganch, Uzbekistan Isaeva Nilufar Alfraganus University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Alimova Iroda Anvarovna Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan Naimova Shokhida Anvarovna Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Otabek Bobojonov Department of Fruits and Vegetables at the Urganch State University, Uzbekistan Gullola Umarova Abdurashid Qizi Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan Rayimqulova Charos Axmatovna Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Allayarov Muhammed-Yar Atamuratovich Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Nukus,Uzbekistan Sarvar T Emurovich Islomov Department of Oncology and Hematology, National Children’s Medical Center, Tashkent, Uzbekistan N. Esanmurodova Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan Baku Eurasian University, Baku, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan Journal Article 2025 01 14 Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant subtypes of breast cancer, characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The lack of targeted therapies and high rates of relapse underscore the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. Olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, has shown promise in BRCA-mutated and homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) TNBC, but its clinical utility is limited by poor bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and intrinsic resistance. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) offer a transformative platform to address these challenges by enabling tumor-targeted drug delivery and non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review explores the design, development, and theranostic potential of Olaparib-loaded IONPs, emphasizing their dual functionality as therapeutic carriers and imaging contrast agents. Preclinical advancements, clinical translation challenges, and future directions are critically analyzed to provide a comprehensive perspective on bridging nanomedicine with precision oncology in TNBC.   https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114780_2c2e46f7aa041de06c16dc7cb320f5a6.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Influence of Calcination Temperature on Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Properties of M-Type Strontium Hexaferrite Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Auto Combustion Route 431 445 112849 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.005 EN Mahmood M. Kareem Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 12 Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) nanopowders have been synthesized using sol-gel auto combustion route. Ferrite precursors were obtained from aqueous mixtures of strontium nitrate and ferric nitrate nonahydrate. Citric acid (C6H8O7), was added to the mixed solution as fuel. The effect of calcination temperature on the structural, morphological, magnetic properties and phase formation of synthesized SrFe12O19 nanopowder was investigated and discussed in details. The material properties were studied employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The calcined products and the formation of crystalline phase were analyzed via XRD technique which revealed the SrM single phase formation at calcined temperature 1100oC with a crystallite size of 76.107 nm. The Rietveld refinement technique as applied in the Fullprof program was utilized for determining the resulting crystalline phase’s amounts, lattice parameters, Bragg R-factor and refined structure value χ2. Raman analysis verified the development of the whole crystallographic hexaferrite locations and the whole peaks in the sample related to Raman vibration modes as well as M-type structures.   Additionally, the resulted outcomes verified that the prepared material was SrFe12O19 and its density (ρx) reduced as its calcination temperature increased up to 1100°C. The sample material’s magnetic analysis at the room temperature elucidated a higher coercivity value of (4610 Oe), a saturation magnetization of (66.285 emu/g), and a remnant of 38.90 emu/g. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_112849_1f343a80a8f4c8983769d38f71833b16.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Cytotoxicity Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Poly-Hydroxyalkanoate)/ZnO Bionanocomposites Biosynthesis by Lactobacillus Casei against Breast Cancer 446 458 114796 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.006 EN Zaman Hamza Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq Reem Jasim AL-Hendi Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq Zahraa Nassr Jawad Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq Nada Khazal K. Hindi Department of Basic and Medical Science, College of Nursing, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq Pharmacy College, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Iraq Wejdan R. Tag Al- Deen Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Al-Hilla City, Babel, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 17 The process of producing zinc oxide nanoparticles using <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> and their subsequent analysis of properties. Structure and morphological measurements include research that includes measurements with X-ray diffraction, as well as the use of electron microscopy (SEM) and optical measurements. Optics measurements include UV-Vis diffusion reflection measurements and Fourier transformation infrared measurements (FTIRs). In this study, PHA was extracted from <em>L. casei,</em> and its characteristics were determined using UV spectrophotometers. The techniques used in this study are FTIR, GC-MS, DSC, and TGA. The blue Nile was used to detect PHA. In addition, the study examined the cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and nanobiocomposites ZnO/PHA in normal cell lines. The study found that WRL cells were exposed to ZnO extract and control substances for 24 hours at a dose of 50 to 400 ml. The biosynthesis of zinc oxide yields the lowest cell performance (72.84%), with a concentration of 400g/ml. In contrast, the Ambiguous’s control group had a cell viability of 86.17 percent at the same concentration. However, the results show that WRL cells are used in the same amount of ZnO / PHA nano biocomposite extract (Z2) and ambiguous substances used as control when incubated. The ZnO/PHA nanobiocomposite extracts have the lowest cell survival rates at 400 g/ml and have a recorded 76.20% percentage. Compared to the Ambiguous, the cell survival rate was 91.86 percent. At the same concentration, ZnO and ZnO/PHA show mild cell toxic effects in normal cells. The study studied the cytotoxic effect of ZnONPs) and nanobiocomposites (ZnO/PHA) in cancer cell lines. The results showed that MCF-7 cells were exposed to ZnO extracts at a dose of 50 to 400 mg/ml for 24 hours, with an uncertain control. Zinc oxide extraction showed the lowest MCF-7 cell viability at 400 g/ml with a percentage of 43.56 percent. In comparison, the cell viability of water-represented control groups was 79.89% at the same concentration. However, this showed that MCF-7 cells incubated at the same dose with ZnO/PHA nanocomposite extract (Z2) did not have conclusive results compared to the control. ZnO/PHA extracts have the lowest MCF-7 cell survival rate with a concentration of 400 g/ml and a percentage of 43.90%. In contrast, the same concentration of control groups treated with water had a cell survival rate of 85.24 percent. The study showed significant cytotoxicity of ZnO and ZnO/PHA on cancer cells, as opposed to normal cells. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114796_399eb890d1b7d4f9d3e9ff263eeb7cc4.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Enhancing Structural and Optical Properties of PVA: CMC Blend by NiO Nanoparticle 459 466 114797 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.007 EN Widad H. Albanda Science Department, College of Basic Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Mustafa H.Saeed Science Department, College of Basic Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Mustafa Zaid Abdullah Scientific Research Commission, Industrial Applications and Materials Technology Research Center, Iraq Journal Article 2024 12 20 In this study, nickel nitrate and ammonium hydroxide are utilized in an aqueous solution as initial substances, along with a chemical precipitation technique to create NiO nanoparticles, avoiding the need for complex machinery or harmful and costly solvents. Research was conducted to study the characteristics of films made of NiO nanoparticles doped with CMC/PVA, focusing on both structural and optical characteristics. The CMC/PVA polymer blend films were infused with varying amounts of NiO nanoparticles (3%, 5%, 7%, and 8%) through the solvent casting method, resulting in films with a thickness of 30±1 <span class="s1">μm</span>. The results showed that the NiO doping content influenced the optical transmittance (%) in the 190-1200 nm wavelength range, resulting in reduced transmittance for all samples. The doping ratio affected the optical parameters of the films. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114797_635a974e6d153ca9664c45107bd80b9e.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Evaluating the Efficacy of Gold Nanoparticles as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Diabetes Management in Murine Models 467 486 114798 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.008 EN Alaa A. Khraibet Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Waleed S. Abdul Wahab Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Marwa A. M. Hassan Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 06 Methodology: The present research examines the anti-diabetic efficacy of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. A group of 50 Swiss albino mice underwent a treatment protocol lasting 30 days with AuNPs administered at different concentrations. Histological assessments of liver and pancreatic tissues were performed, and the structural alterations resulting from AuNP treatment were evaluated through various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).<br />Results: However, at high concentrations, AuNPs elicited pathological changes that involved enhanced oxidative stress, inflammation, and evidence of apoptosis in both hepatic and pancreatic tissues. At administered doses, however, AuNPs induced pancreatic β-cell proliferation as well as enhanced organization and tissue remodeling within the pancreas. These results support AuNPs for possible pharmaceutical use. XRD and UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the FCC structure of pea-shaped AuNPs both before and after functionalization. The strong affinity between AuNPs, TB O dye, and lemon extract was revealed from FTIR analysis, hence increasing the stability and usability of the nanoparticles.<br />Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles, when administered at suitable concentrations, exhibit potential as a dual-purpose agent in the management of diabetes, providing therapeutic advantages through the enhancement of β-cell regeneration and the restoration of tissue integrity. Nonetheless, at elevated toxic levels, they can cause cellular harm. Additional research is required to accurately assess their therapeutic index and to comprehensively grasp their prospective clinical applications. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114798_356003a55dab9cd718a6e6794c6d0555.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Finite Element Analysis of Wire Deflection and Temperature Effects on Ceramic Orthodontic Bracket Slot Deformation 487 498 114799 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.009 EN Sarah Mahmood Khudhur School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Muhammad Bin Razali School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 0000-0001-9181-455X Abdus Bin Mahmud School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Journal Article 2025 01 12 Orthodontic brackets especially those made from alumina-based ceramics have become more popular due to their superior aesthetics and biocompatibility. However, their brittleness remains a drawback, as they are more likely to chip or break during treatment compared to metal brackets. The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical deformation of ceramic brackets under varying archwire deflection and oral temperature using finite element analysis. Aesthetic Roth prescription of polycrystalline ceramic bracket with “0.022” inches slot and rectangular NiTi archwire were used. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate a modified 3-point bending test at magnitudes of deflection ranges from 1 to 6 mm. Temperature ranges used was from 26 °C to 56 °C which represented a range of typical oral temperature variations. Stress and strain were recorded at specific reference points within bracket slot at both loading and unloading cycle. The simulation results reveal that deformation in ceramic bracket slots was consistently concentrated at the corner regions across all three ceramic brackets. Both increasing wire deflection and temperature significantly elevated stress levels, often surpassing the fracture strength of the brackets, particularly during the loading cycle. The maximum stress observed during loading was 411.02 MPa at 56 °C for a 6 mm deflection case. Although the unloading cycle exhibited lower stress levels, deflections exceeding 2 mm still posed failure risks, with a maximum recorded stress of 220.19 MPa at 56 °C for a 6 mm deflection case. These findings highlight the critical influence of wire deflection and temperature on the mechanical deformation of ceramic brackets. These findings underscore the critical role of archwire deflection and oral temperature in managing stress distribution and preventing fracture in ceramic brackets. Clinicians should carefully evaluate bracket materials, particularly in cases involving substantial wire activation or elevated oral temperatures and advise patients on temperature-sensitive dietary habits to mitigate the risk of premature bracket failure. <span class="Apple-converted-space">   </span> https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114799_a9d813bff368c50382065917948d7663.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Enhancing Asphalt Performance with Polymer Blends: A Rheological Study 499 507 114800 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.010 EN Qaidar Salim Jarjees Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Saad Salih Ahmed General Directorate of Nineveh Education, Ministry of Education, Mosul, Iraq Ammar Ahmed Hamdoon Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 19 This study investigates the use of polymer blends [polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)] to modify and improve the rheological properties of asphalt material and make it more resistant to environmental conditions such as acid rain and aging when used in road paving. Specific proportions of the polymer blend [polyvinyl acetate (PVA): polyvinyl chloride (PVC)] were added to the asphalt with the addition of 1% of (nano-sulfur) at a temperature ranging between (150-170) °C for one hour for each sample. Rheological measurements of the original and modified asphalt were performed, including penetration, ductility, softening point, and penetration index, in addition to measuring the Marshall coefficient, aging test, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for some selected samples and comparing them with normal asphalt. The results indicate that the asphalt modified with the polymer blend and nano-sulfur resists environmental conditions of different temperatures, acid rain, and aging more than normal asphalt, making it a suitable candidate for road paving applications. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114800_cc7569a00301d206cb131d59ddead8f9.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Harnessing Solar Energy: Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes via Carbon-Doped TiO₂ Nanocomposites in Advanced Oxidation Processes 508 515 114809 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.011 EN Uday Abdul-Reda Hussein Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Iraq Safaa Mustafa Hameed Department of Optics Technologies, College of Health & Medical Technology, Sawa University, Almuthana, Iraq Usama S. Altimari Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Muntadher Abed Hussein 4 Department of Sciences, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq Aseel M. Aljeboree Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Iraq Ayad Fadhil Alkaim Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 11 The rapid pace of urbanization and industrialization has undoubtedly advanced modern manufacturing but has simultaneously contributed to severe environmental challenges, particularly through elevated levels of airborne emissions and wastewater discharges. Among various strategies to mitigate these impacts, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has garnered significant attention as an effective photocatalyst, owing to its low cost, chemical stability, non-toxicity, and environmentally friendly nature. TiO₂ is recognized for its exceptional photocatalytic capabilities in degrading environmental pollutants, supported by its wide bandgap energy of 3.2 eV, characteristic of an n-type semiconductor.In this study, C/TiO₂ nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal method to enhance photocatalytic performance. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). A systematic investigation was conducted to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant Blue (BB) dye by evaluating the influence of key operational parameters, including dye concentration, catalyst loading, irradiation time, and solution pH. Mathematical modeling identified the optimal conditions for maximum photocatalytic efficiency as follows: pH 7, catalyst mass of 0.2 g, BB dye concentration of 20 mg·L⁻¹, and an irradiation period of 120 minutes. Under these conditions, a degradation efficiency of 90.25% was achieved, demonstrating the potential of the C/TiO₂ nanocomposite as an effective and sustainable photocatalyst for wastewater treatment applications. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114809_b73161f89f99b4be02804311c4146d3f.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye by ZnS@ZnO Nanocomposite: An Ecofriendly Solution for Pollutant Removal and Healthy protective 516 524 114810 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.012 EN Aseel M. Aljeboree Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Iraq Uday Abdul-Reda Hussein Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Iraq Safaa Mustafa Hameed Department of Optics Technologies, College of Health and Medical Technology, Sawa University, Almuthana, Iraq Usama S. Altimari Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Muntadher Abed Hussein Department of Sciences, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq Ayad Fadhil Alkaim Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 21 The degradation mechanism is largely driven by the generation of molecular oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced through sequential photochemical reactions, which play a pivotal role in the oxidative breakdown of dye molecules. The synergistic combination of ZnS and ZnO is proposed to further enhance photocatalytic efficiency while minimizing reliance on costly and potentially hazardous sensitizers. In this experimental investigation, ZnO-based photocatalysts were successfully synthesized, doped with transition metals, and characterized using advanced techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant Blue (BB) dye was employed as a model reaction to evaluate the influence of metal dopants on both degradation efficiency and reaction kinetics. Additionally, UV-Visible spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the degradation process. The results demonstrated that the ZnS/ZnO-based photocatalyst achieved complete (100%) degradation of BB dye within 60 minutes, confirming its high efficacy in the treatment of azo dye-contaminated wastewater. Furthermore, it was observed that increasing dye concentrations led to the formation of multiple molecular layers, which hinder light penetration and consequently reduce photocatalytic activity. An optimal photodegradation efficiency of 86.25% was recorded at a dye concentration of 20 mg·L⁻¹. These findings highlight the potential of ZnS/ZnO nanocomposites as efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable photocatalysts for the removal of azo dyes from industrial wastewater, thereby contributing to advances in environmental remediation technologies. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114810_2fddccb16ffeb080445282568c853134.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Environmentally and Ecofriendly of Photocatalytic Activity of CdS/ZnO Nanocomposite Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method for Methylene Blue Degradation by Using UVA Light 525 533 114811 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.013 EN Tameem Albassam Department of Dentistry, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq Asia Ali Hamza Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Alkafeel, Iraq Sarmad Jaafar M. Alrubaye College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, Iraq Hayder Hamid A. Al-Anbari/ Ahl Al bayt University, College of Pharmacy, Kerbala, Iraq Shaima Abd Department of Sciecnes, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq Zuhair I. Al-Mashhadani Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College Baghdad, Iraq Wael Dheaa Kadhim Mazaya University College, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 10 This study investigates the photocatalytic efficiency of a CdS/ZnO nanocomposite for the decolorization of the cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB). The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite were systematically characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic performance of the CdS/ZnO nanocomposite, functioning as a semiconductor catalyst, was evaluated for the degradation of MB in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation within a slurry photo-reactor system. A comprehensive assessment of operational parameters, including catalyst dosage and initial dye concentration, was conducted to determine their influence on the decolorization kinetics. The results revealed that the photocatalytic decolorization of MB followed a two-stage kinetic process, exhibiting an initial rapid decolorization phase followed by a slower reaction phase. Enhanced decolorization efficiency was observed with decreasing initial MB concentration and increasing UV light intensity. The optimal catalyst loading was identified as approximately 20 mg·L⁻¹, while the most favorable pH for the reaction was around 6.8, aligning with the natural pH of the MB solution. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114811_f0c37fb9f9c4c351c2a26dd63e0fac37.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Pulse Laser Ablation Synthesis of Chitosan-ZnO-TiO2 Nanocomposites for Bacterial Inhibition 534 542 114820 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.014 EN Noora Al-Janabi Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Density, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 27 This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of chitosan-based nanocomposites against E. coli and Porphyromonas bacteria. The nanocomposites, including CS, CS-ZnO, CS-TiO2, and CS-ZnO-TiO2, were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). Characterization techniques confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with varying sizes and distributions.<br />Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the CS-ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited superior inhibitory activity against both bacterial strains compared to the individual components or their binary combinations. The inhibition percentage increased with the concentration of the nanomaterials, highlighting the dose-dependent antibacterial effect. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in the antibacterial activity of the different nanomaterials.<br />This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of chitosan-based nanocomposites against E. coli and Porphyromonas bacteria. The nanocomposites, including CS, CS-ZnO, CS-TiO2, and CS-ZnO-TiO2, were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). Characterization techniques confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with varying sizes and distributions. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the CS-ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited superior inhibitory activity against both bacterial strains compared to the individual components or their binary combinations. The inhibition percentage increased with the concentration of the nanomaterials, highlighting the dose-dependent antibacterial effect. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in the antibacterial activity of the different nanomaterials. These findings suggest that the CS-ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite has potential as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, warranting further investigation into its mechanism of action and optimization for various applications.<br /><br /> https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114820_343d064fd7e3c66903207543c4b98364.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Copper Ion Removal from Aqueous Media Using a Dual-Polymer Hydrogel Nanocomposite: A Sodium Alginate and Acrylamide Approach 543 554 114823 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.015 EN Ali M. Mohamed Department of chemistry, College of sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq Eateman Salah Mahdi Department of chemistry, College of sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq Safaa Mustafa Hameed Department of Optics Technologies, College of Health & Medical Technology, Sawa University, Almuthana, Iraq Uday Abdul-Reda Hussein Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Iraq Usama S. Altimari Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Aseel M. Aljeboree Department of chemistry, College of sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq Ayad Fadhil Alkaim Department of chemistry, College of sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 19 Polysaccharides represent a vital category of materials with broad applications across diverse fields such as agriculture, the food industry, biomedical engineering, and environmental remediation, owing to their distinctive and versatile characteristics. This research investigates the development of a hydrogel utilizing sodium alginate, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly polysaccharide, as the primary polymeric framework. The hydrogel was synthesized via the incorporation of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers, utilizing potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator and N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent. The resultant hydrogel’s morphology and properties were comprehensively analyzed using techniques including FESEM, TEM, XRD, and TGA. The synthesized hydrogel demonstrated notable efficacy in the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions, exhibiting promising adsorption capabilities. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) ions was found to be 0.155 mg/g at 25 °C. Adsorption isotherm analysis revealed that the experimental data aligned well with the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting a multilayer adsorption process, while the Langmuir isotherm suggests a monolayer. The adsorption process is physical adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm’s 1/n parameter indicates a favorable interaction between the hydrogel and Cu(II) ions. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a positive enthalpy change (∆H), indicating the endothermic nature of copper ion adsorption, and a negative Gibbs free energy change (∆G), confirming the spontaneity of the process. The substantial increase in entropy (∆S) suggests enhanced disorder at the solid-liquid interface during adsorption. Moreover, the adsorption process was observed to be spontaneous at higher temperatures, given the conditions of ∆H > 0 and ∆S > 0. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114823_64a2d966fb19adeeed5bc3612f1d4993.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Analysis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin nano Film Produced Using the Sol-Gel Method 555 562 114825 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.016 EN Lamis Faaz Nassir Hammurabi College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Iraq Ahmed Shaker Hussein College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Iraq Hiba Hussein Fadil Mahdi Faculty of Nursing, University of Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 03 In this study, the optical characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin nano films, deposited by the spray pyrolysis method have been investigated. A quartz substrate was heated to 350 oC in order to deposit a thin coating of ZnO. The film's structural properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and its optical properties were determined by transmittance spectra; these properties can be fine-tuned by UV-Vis. spectroscopy to suit the film's intended uses in solar energy conversion and photovoltaic solar cell devices. Based on the results obtained by XRD, the deposited film is wurtzite, which has a hexagonal structure and a preferred orientation along the (002) crystal plane, as well as a broadened peak. Very high absorption values (90%) were observed in the ZnO nano-films. Further research on the ZnO nano-films revealed an optical band gap of 2.84 eV. These findings underscore the potential of spray pyrolysis-deposited ZnO nano-films for optoelectronic applications. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114825_19c5f1816df56a7fa486b965913f6a10.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Coupling Plasmon for Gold, Silver and Aluminium Nanostructure Homo- Dimers and Nano-Sphere 563 575 114851 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.017 EN Entidhar MALIK Hadi Physic Medical Determent, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq Rousul Mohammed Naji Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Iraq Haneen Lateef Khaleel Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Iraq Noor M. Saadoon Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, University of Technology, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 19 In the case when predicted LSPR wavelength values of Ag, Al, and Au nano-spheres in homodimer arrangement are equated, FDTD simulations are utilized for studying homo-dimer nano-structures as localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results indicate that silver and aluminum homo-dimer shows higher shift of LSPR when compared to gold homo-dimer. It is interacting with a homo-dimer nanoparticle (NP), which raises the junction’s intensity. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114851_88bf32ea6634c0bb60655cada8da1a32.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Chemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Potential Against Opportunistic Hospital Pathogens 576 586 114852 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.018 EN Osamah Raji Alwahhash Al-Qadisiyah director education, Ministry of education, Iraq Mehdi El Arbi Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Tunisia Journal Article 2025 12 13 Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global challenge. This study investigates the antimicrobial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on their synergy with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. ZnO-NPs were synthesized and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against both bacteria, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs effectively inhibited bacterial growth, with enhanced effects when combined with ciprofloxacin, particularly against A. baumannii. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs could reduce antibiotic resistance and offer a promising approach to combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114852_3e78b45b18c604b061d5aa4de3dc04ee.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 CD19-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivering Venetoclax and BCL2 siRNA in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 587 595 114856 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.019 EN Oblokulov Abdurashid Department of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases of children, Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Indiaminova Gulrukh Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Urmanova Gulbaхor Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Ganieva Nafisa Faculty and Hospital Therapy, Occupational Diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan Kutumova Gullola Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan Jumaeva Malokhat Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Radiology, Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Mavlyanova Shakhnoza Medical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Saidaliyev Sultangazi Department of General Surgery, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Uzbekistan Ruzibayeva Yorkinoy Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Treatment, Nursing, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Uzbekistan Abdutolibov Muhriddin Andijan State University, Uzbekistan Matkarimov Inomjon Mamun University, Uzbekistan Rakhimova Oygul Department of Industrial Technology of Medicines, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Dushamov Dilshod Department of Chemistry, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan Journal Article 2025 01 24 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature B lymphocytes. Current therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies, face challenges such as drug resistance and systemic toxicity. CD19-targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a promising strategy for precision medicine by enhancing drug delivery specificity and overcoming apoptotic resistance. Venetoclax, a potent BCL-2 inhibitor, and BCL2 siRNA, a gene-silencing agent, offer a synergistic approach to combat leukemic cell survival mechanisms. By co-delivering these therapeutic agents through LNPs, the targeted modulation of apoptotic pathways can improve treatment efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. This review explores the rationale, formulation, and clinical prospects of CD19-targeted lipid nanoparticles for co-delivery of Venetoclax and BCL2 siRNA in B-ALL therapy, highlighting their potential to revolutionize leukemia treatment.   https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114856_44dc7fe4ecd3820566c0f52cb35b7d87.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Advancements in Polymeric Nanocarriers: Cisplatin and siRNA-Based Strategies for Tumor Growth Suppression and Overcoming Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 596 607 114878 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.020 EN Radjabov Akhtam Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan Olimova Aziza Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Mukhidova Gulmira Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Tugizova Dildora Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan Mamatmusayeva Nilufar Department of Chemistry and Biology, Tashkent International Kimyo University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan Tashmatova Gulnoza Department of Children’s Diseases, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan Mukumova Feruza Termez State University,Uzbekistan Tursunov Doniyor Department of Oncolgy, Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan Malohat Muzafarova Department of Pharmacology, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Uzbekistan Mamatkulova Khurshida Department of Language, Central Asian Medical University, Fergana, Uzbekistan Yoqubov Diyorbek Department of Fruits and Vegetables, Urganch State University, Uzbekistan Matkarimov Inomjon Department of Economy, Mamun University, Uzbekistan Xojiraxmatov Davron Ferghana Medical Institute of Public Health, Uzbekistan Journal Article 2025 01 11 Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a high prevalence and poor prognosis due to inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms. Cisplatin remains one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for NSCLC, functioning primarily through DNA damage-induced apoptosis. However, the emergence of resistance pathways such as increased DNA repair, drug efflux mechanisms, and activation of survival signaling pathways significantly limits its long-term efficacy. To address this challenge, small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy has gained attention as a targeted approach to silence key genes responsible for cisplatin resistance, enhancing the drug’s cytotoxic effects. Despite its potential, efficient delivery of siRNA remains a major hurdle due to its instability, rapid enzymatic degradation, and low cellular uptake. Polymeric nanocarriers have emerged as promising vehicles for drug delivery, offering controlled release, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved bioavailability of both cisplatin and siRNA. Their ability to encapsulate and protect therapeutic agents enables synergistic effects in tumor suppression and resistance modulation. Various polymer-based delivery platforms, including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified systems, and chitosan-based nanoparticles, have demonstrated improved treatment outcomes in preclinical studies. These nanocarriers not only facilitate targeted drug delivery but also enhance the therapeutic index by reducing systemic toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in polymeric nanocarriers for co-delivery of cisplatin and siRNA in NSCLC treatment. It explores the molecular mechanisms of tumor growth and drug resistance, the design and functionalization of polymeric carriers, and their role in overcoming treatment limitations. By discussing preclinical and clinical findings, this work aims to highlight the potential of these strategies for improving patient outcomes and addressing key challenges in NSCLC therapy.   https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114878_f5ea23f38234027d703ba5c42e28acad.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Bioactivity of a Novel Nano-Schiff Base Ligand (NPTIPPE) Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine and Its Palladium Complex 608 620 114881 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.021 EN Ashraf Abdulridha Hussein Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq Haider Obaid Jamel Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 13 The novel nano ligand (NPTIPPE) was synthesized via a reaction sequence involving benzil, 4-aminoantipyrine, and 2-aminothiazole. Subsequently, the palladium (II) complex was formed by reacting NPTIPPE with palladium chloride in ethanol, maintaining a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio. The nano-ligand and its complex were characterized using various techniques, including NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, and XRD. The 1H-NMR spectrum of NPTIPPE displayed signals corresponding to methyl and phenyl groups, while the 13C-NMR spectrum identified signals associated with the pyrazole and thiazole rings. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of azomethine and aromatic groups, with shifts indicating coordination with palladium. The UV-Vis spectra revealed intra-ligand transitions and electronic transitions consistent with a square planar geometry for the palladium (II) complexes. Molar conductivity measurements suggested ionic characteristics. XRD analysis demonstrated differences in crystallite size and dislocation density between the nano ligand and complex. The FESEM images showed distinct morphological differences, reinforcing the structural findings. Biological evaluations using MTT assays on MCF-7 cancer cells and WRL-68 healthy cells indicated that the palladium (II) complexes exhibited higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells as compared to the ligand. The IC50 values for the palladium (II) complex were 87.37 µg/mL for MCF-7 cells and 125.94 µg/mL for WRL-68 cells, suggesting its potential as an effective therapeutic agent against breast cancer. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114881_0e72f5ba5355c0cc4086afc28ffadd50.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 High‑Efficient Adsorbent Based on Modified Guar Gum/ Acrylic Acid Micro/Nano Surface, Acrylamide for Removal of Methyl Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution 621 630 114882 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.022 EN Zainab Adnan Kadhim Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq Aseel Aljeboree Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq Mohammed Hamid Said Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq Journal Article 2025 02 05 In this study, a biodegradable absorbent material based on guar gum (GG) was developed by grafting a copolymer mixture of acrylic acid (AA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), GG-g-poly (AC-co-PAM) was prepared using a free radical method with potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator and N, N-methylene diacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker. The hydrogel exhibited the highest swelling capacity when formulated with GG (1.0 g), PAM (0.5 g), and AC (0.05 g) as monomers, 0.08 g of MBA, and 0.05 g of KPS, at a pH of 7.0 and a reaction temperature of 75°C. The maximum swelling percentage achieved was 2200%. Hydrogel characterization involved several techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM image revealed a wrinkled morphology of the hydrogel, while FESEM analysis showed its porous nature, which is capable of accumulating a large number of water and dye molecules. The synthesized hydrogel exhibited high stability in aqueous solution and zero-point charge at a pH above 4.3. The hydrogel absorbent can be easily regenerated through a dilute acid wash, with minimal loss of absorbent performance even after four cycles of absorption and desorption. Therefore, this study confirms the effectiveness of using hydrogel as an effective absorbent for removing hazardous and toxic dyes. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114882_43e298f134ca50ed4b2ba5f7cc07d80b.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of N-Doped Decorated CeO2 Composite for Degradation of Malachite Green 631 638 114883 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.023 EN Suhad Kareem Abbas College of Applied Medical Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Zainab M. Hassan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Faten Hadi Fakhri Presidency University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Haithem Fadhil Abdulhasan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Wissam Abbas Ali Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 23 In this work, CeO2 nanoparticles and N-doped GQDs decorated CeO2 nanocomposites were synthesized through a hydrothermal process and characterized using various spectroscopy techniques, such as: Photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The structural analysis confirmed the formation of N-doped GQDs and their integration into CeO2, with various functional groups, for instance, hydroxyl, carbonyl, C=C, and C-N identified via FT-IR strategy. Optical characterization using ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed that N-doped GQDs decorated CeO2 composites exhibited a lower band gap (2.47 eV) compared to pure CeO2 (2.63 eV), enabling enhanced photocatalytic performance under UV-Vis waves conditions. The nanocomposite demonstrated superior degradation efficiency of malachite green (94%), compared to CeO2 alone (63%), due to band gap reduction and improved charge separation. Catalyst dosage optimization further confirmed that balanced loading enhances degradation efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of N-doped GQDs decorated CeO2 nanocomposites for environmental remediation and photocatalytic wastewater treatment applications. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114883_0d3f7bbc2d3948d19e22c472ffbba742.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synthesis of Spinal CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles Assitael with Cetramide and Applied in Removal of Direct Orange 39 Dye 639 651 114943 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.024 EN Mohammed F. Hateef Oil Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Hasan F. Alesary Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Luma M. Ahmed Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq Stephen Barton School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK Journal Article 2024 12 10 A cobalt ferrite nanocomposite is used as an affordable nano-adsorbent in this investigation. It can be deposited easily. This study uses simple adsorption to remove toxic direct orange 39 dye from aqueous solution. This process has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray magnetometer energy-dispersive analysis. The EDX spectra show prominent peaks for iron, suggesting it is somewhat abundant in the composition. This study examined the effectiveness of the adsorbent in removing dye from an aqueous solution based on time, concentration, dosage, temperature, and pH. Analysis showed 44.2% iron, 31.3% oxygen, and 16.6% cobalt, confirming their excellent purity as CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Cobalt’s atomic ratio to iron was 0.4362, which matches the expected 0.5 stoichiometry. Notably, XRD patterns showed no extra peaks, indicating no contamination. Sample purity was ensured by measuring Bragg reflections between 7.0054 and 79.9904. The sample’s cobalt ferrite NPs had cubic unit cell-like peaks, indicating an inverted spinel structure.  Using statistical analysis and the Debye-Scherer equation, the crystallite size in CoFe2O4 was determined to be 30.9 nm. Adsorption efficacy was strongly correlated with temperature, with the maximum efficiency of 97.82% at 10°C. The perfect removal of 5 ppm of direct orange 39 dye using 0.025 g of CoFe2O4 NPs turned into pH 6 at 45 min. The ∆Ho of adsorption is -87.6462 kJ/mol (exothermic) which emphasizes energy release, moderate interaction strength, and favorable adsorption; efficiency reduces with higher temperatures. The CoFe2O4 adsorbent can be reused for a maximum of three cycles. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114943_82de96a6d85158aca476542be8dbb477.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synthesis of γ-Alumina Porous Granules by Aluminium Nitrate Precursor as an Efficient Catalyst Support 652 665 114945 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.025 EN Hamideh Rafipoor School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran S. Mohammad Mirkazemi School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran Yaser Vahidshad Space Transportation Research Institute, Iranian Space Research Center, Tehran, Iran Zahra Amirsardari Space Transportation Research Institute, Iranian Space Research Center, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 07 Gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) granules were synthesized as iridium catalyst supports for hydrazine decomposition. The granules have new physical and textural properties which are critical in determining the catalytic performance. Aluminium nitrate precursor changes the structure of γ-Al2O3 and affects the support interactions at 450 ℃ and 750 ℃. This leads to the facile gas exhaust and makes it more resistant to the pores of the catalyst during decomposition of hydrazine monohydrate. As a result, higher conversion of hydrazine and selectivity to hydrogen is achieved compared to the catalysts prepared by supports that are crushed. The γ-Al2O3 granules with mechanical strength from 7.12 to 25.56 N⁄granule is obtained. Specific surface area, volume and the diameter of porous granules are 346.02 m2/g, 4.94 nm, 0.29 to 0.43 m3/g, respectively. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114945_204394bd8fe99a294e2c8b184eb1a35f.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synthesis and Characterization of Cerium, Nitrogen, and co-doped TiO2 Photoanodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 666 683 114949 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.026 EN Javad Mohammadian Department of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, University Blvd, 3619995161 Shahrood, Iran Amir Masoud Arabi Department of Inorganic Pigments and Glazes, Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Tehran, Iran Hamid Haratizadeh Department of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, University Blvd, 3619995161 Shahrood, Iran Mojhgan Hosseinnejhad Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Tehran, Iran Kamaladin Gharanjig Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 09 Cerium (Ce), nitrogen (N), and their co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were produced through a cost-effective sol-gel process. Samples produced were analyzed using various analysis techniques. Structural studies revealed that pure TiO2, 3 mol% Ce-doped TiO2, and 5 mol% Ce-doped TiO2 show anatase TiO2 structure, except for 7 mol% Ce-doped TiO2 and 10 mol% Ce-doped TiO2 which have semi-crystalline nature. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results confirmed the presence of the stoichiometric ratio Ce, Ti, and O. According to the Kubelka-Munk model, the Egap value for pure TiO2 decreases with Ce content from 3.61 eV to 3.48 eV. The photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS) analysis was performed to investigate the electron-hole recombination in both pure TiO2 and Ce-doped TiO2. After complete examination of the physicochemical properties of the synthesized Ce-doped TiO2, photovoltaic cells were assembled to compare the effects of the optimized cerium doped, nitrogen doped, and co-doped samples. In Ce-doped solar cells, 5 mol% Ce-doped TiO2 showed the highest efficiency, with a 26% improvement over the undoped sample. Nitrogen doping also enhanced the efficiency by 22%. To explore the synergistic effect, co-doping with both cerium and nitrogen was implemented. Remarkably, the co-doped cell exhibited a 46% increase in efficiency. Typical Nyquist plot obtained for the DSSC under open-circuit voltage (VOC) condition indicated low resistance to charge recombination for 5 mol% Ce-doped TiO2 sample with Rs of 23.14 Ω, R1 of 4.61 Ω, and R2 of 13.84 Ω and the longest electron lifetime of 15.23 ms, suggesting an increasing trend in VOC and a decreasing trend in recombination rate. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114949_d0b2fa459f8ced0c3aa5bfa0afd1a2b2.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Utilization of Green Synthesized Calcium Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts for the Solar-Light-Driven Degradation of Dyes in Aqueous Solution 684 701 114950 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.027 EN Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi Department of chemical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran Ghader Hosseinzadeh Department of chemical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 28 In this study, Ca-doped TiO2 photocatalysts with various amounts of Ca (0, 3 and 5 wt. %) and also utilization of Cannabis Sativa leaves were synthesized by green sol-gel method. Afterward, physicochemical properties of the photocatalysts were assessed by XRD, FESEM, EDAX, TEM, BET, FTRI and DRS analysis. Next, prepared photocatalysts were applied in photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under the simulated sunlight illumination. Among the prepared photocatalysts, 5 wt. % Ca-doped TiO2 (CaTi5) photocatalyst demonstrated the excellent characterizations such as higher surface area, smaller particles size and uniform dispersion and lower energy band gap. CaTi5 based on the superior characterizations indicated the highest dyes degradation. MB and RhB degradation for the CaTi5 after 240 min simulated sunlight illumination were 85% and 90%, respectively. Also, photocatalytic dyes degradation were in agreement with the pseudo first-order reaction kinetic. Moreover, among the various concentrations of CaTi5 (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm) highest amount of degradation was found for 100 ppm catalyst concentration. Therefore, we can say that CaTi5 is a promising photocatalyst for solar-light-driven degradation of MB and RhB in aqueous solution. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114950_64881d32e904cb1d462f67e39a684d87.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synthesis and Characterization of LiMn2O4 as a Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries 702 711 114959 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.028 EN Noor M. Ali Department of Physics; College of Science; Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq O. A. Al-Jubouri Physics Department, College of science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq M. H. Al-Al-Timimi Physics Department, College of science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq H. T. Homad Physics Department, College of science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq Journal Article 2024 01 13 In this study, the spinel compound LiMn2O4 was manufactured as the cathode active material for Li-ion batteries via the sol–gel process. The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was employed for an evaluative analysis of the external surface morphology of the synthesized material. The crystal structure of the spinel material was confirmed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The XRD graph exhibited no signs of impurity peaks, confirming a singular crystal structure phase. As per the Scherrer equation, the crystal size was estimated at 31.98 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra for the equipped sample showed the existence of manganese and oxygen, and the concentrations were very close to the elemental composition used. Electrochemical attributes were investigated through galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a voltage range of 2.5 to 4.8 V. The LiMn2O4sample displayed a charge capacity of 116.5 mAhg-1 and a discharge capacity of 114.3 mAhg-1. The Coulombic efficiency exhibited by this electrode was 98.1%. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention was as high as 75.8%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the LiMn2O4 electrode, including the electrolyte bulk resistance (Rs), charge transfer resistance (Rct), and Warburg Impedance (Wo), were 13.3 ohms, 118.7 ohms, and 0.61 ohms, respectively. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114959_98f8c454713211409ace9c5b7be09fc7.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synergistic Effects of Carbon Nanotubes with Methotrexate for Osteosarcoma: A Review 712 719 114971 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.029 EN Sattarova Aigul Myrzahanovna Department of Chemistry and Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University named after Academician A. Kuatbekov, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan Noor Zuhier Habeeb Department of physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University Of Anbar, Iraq Hayder Hamid Abbas Al-Anbari College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq Bahira Abdul Razzaq Mohammed Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq Fatima Radhi Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq Sami Najaf Bokhoor College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq Hatif Abdulrazaq Yasin Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Reem Mohsin Khalaf Mazaya University College, Iraq Karzhaubay Yerassyl Nurlanovich O. Zhanibekov South Kazakhstan Pedagogical University, Shymken, Republic of Kazakhstan Journal Article 2025 01 27 Osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive primary bone cancer, poses significant therapeutic challenges, particularly due to multidrug resistance and limited efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. Methotrexate (MTX), a widely used antineoplastic agent, suffers from poor bioavailability and systemic toxicity, necessitating the development of advanced drug delivery approaches. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are explored as nanocarriers to enhance MTX delivery, aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes. CNTs offer unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, functionalization potential, and efficient cellular uptake, which can facilitate targeted drug transport and sustained release. The synergistic interaction between CNTs and MTX enhances drug bioavailability, minimizes off-target effects, and improves cytotoxic efficacy against osteosarcoma cells. Experimental findings suggest that CNT-based MTX delivery can overcome resistance mechanisms and significantly improve therapeutic precision. This paper reviewed the current advancements in CNT-mediated drug delivery systems for osteosarcoma, summarizing key experimental findings their implications in overcoming therapeutic challenges.  https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114971_95fc636e4015172b5f6dfd6a0f5b5158.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Investigations on Magnetic and Photocatalytic Properties of CoYbxFe2-xO4 Nanoparticles 720 731 114972 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.030 EN Fares A. Yasseen Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq Hajir M. Ali Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Rafah Mohammed Thyab Department of chemistry, College of science, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq Ahmed Ali Mohammed Dental Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, Al-farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq Huda Hadi Nameh Pharmacy of College, University of Hilla, Babylon, Iraq Zaid H. Mahmoud Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Diyala, Iraq Journal Article 2025 03 16 Yb3+ substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through sol-gel auto-combustion method. Structural investigation using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the good incorporation of Yb3+ ions into spinel phase of CoFe2O4. Room temperature dependence of magnetic behaviors on concentration of Yb3+ in CoFe2O4 structure was studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Photocatalytic enhancement was achieved by exchange interaction of Yb3+ with crystalline structure of CoFe2O4. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized CoYbxFe2-xO4 nanoparticles was studied by degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The degradation level of MO solution approached to 91.3% after 105 min illumination over CoYb0.1Fe1.9O4 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic reactions were conducted at different experimental conditions to investigate the influence of photocatalyst amount and pH of dye solution on the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized CoYbxFe2-xO4 nanoparticles. The reusability potential was studied at 7 consecutive reaction cycles, which revealed the great stability of the synthesized nanoparticles. Also, the performed photocatalytic degradation in the presence of different radical scavenging agents showed that the hydroxyl radicals are the dominant oxidative species for the degradation of MO solution.                 https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114972_f4baf7f3652bf556bacf63a67c6c0db1.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Effect of Cucurbita Pepo Nanoshells on Some Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogenic Microorganisms 732 739 114973 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.031 EN Adil Turki Al-musawi Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, Iraq Aliaa Saadoon Abdul- Razaq Al-Faraji Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, Iraq Sudad Jasim Mohammed Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 28 The bio-based approach to synthesizing nanoparticles has been one of most interesting trends in nano science over the past decade. This is due to its environmentally friendly and green chemistry method, which is safe to use and free of chemical pollutants for biological applications. Study’s results demonstrated the effectiveness of using zucchini peel nanoparticles in combination with silver nanoparticles as an alternative to inhibitory materials for drug-resistant microorganisms. The results of the FTIR analysis showed that AgNO3 had four strong bands at (3211, 1632, 1520, 1390, and 1239) cm-1 while AgNPS had seven strong bands at (3211, 2940, 1632, 1523, 1395, 1241 and 1050) cm-1. XRD analysis revealed four different diffraction peaks for AgNO3 (32.77°, 38.11°, 49.66°and 67.54°), while AgNPS showed five strong diffraction peaks (32.77°, 56.13°, 58.22°, 67.54º and 75.88º). In terms of inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, AgNPS had the highest inhibition zone of 14 mm at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the inhibition zone increased to 25 mm when the concentration was increased to 20 mg/ml. on the other hand AgNO3 had 9 mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, which increased to 16 mm at concentration of 20 mg/ml. Nanotechnology is providing alternatives to treatments that have harmful effects on the body due to their imprecise delivery methods to targeted diseased cells, such as cancer chemotherapy. Researchers have utilized nanotechnology to attach special RNA with a small diameter of about 10 nanometers to nanoparticles filled with chemotherapy drugs to mitigate the pain and harmful effects associated with chemotherapy. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114973_8b48cf461cf46f1e5dbd7ad3da56afa1.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Enhancement of the Some Optical Properties of Nanostructure SnS:Cd Films Via by the Spray pyrolysis 740 751 114964 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.032 EN Ahmed Nsaif Jasim Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 18 SnS:Cd nanostructured thin films were produced via chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). XRD analysis shows an orthorhombic structure. The film with 4% Cd-SnS demonstrated favorable structural attributes, featuring a large crystallite size of 13.44 nm and a small dislocation line density of 5.355 × 1015 lines/m2. SEM images revealed noticeable surface transformations in SnS films, characterized by uniform spherical nano-grains following Cadmium doping. Cadmium doping decreased the bandgap energy (Eg) of SnS, with the lowest value of (1.35 eV) observed at 4% Cd doping in SnS. Undoped SnS had lowest resistance; 4% Cd doping increased resistance via electron extraction. NO2 exposure decreased resistance via oxygen ion concentration change. The sensitivity decreases with cadmium doping in SnS, impacting NO2 exposure response. Higher doping reduces responsiveness due to increased charge carrier recombination. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114964_fb0cf24fdfe17e931308aa1d2398a33f.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synthesis of Faceted Thin Diamond Film on High Purity Nickel Substrate by PECVD Technique 752 761 114977 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.033 EN Zahra Khalaj Department of Physics, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 03 In the present study, Nano-crystalline Diamond (NDs) coatings were deposited on nickel substrates by a DC-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD) deposition technique using methane/hydrogen (CH4/H2) gas mixtures. Due to the extremely high surface energy of diamond, the nucleation and growth of diamond phase on non-diamond substrate is difficult. In order to improve the diamond nucleation density to form continuous films, a good pretreatment using suitable etching gas and magnetic field (MF) were used. The effects of MF pre-treatment on the characteristics of deposited coatings are discussed in view of experimental studies using analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the quality of the diamond films grown with MF pre-treatment much higher than the film grown without MF pre-treatment process. The research indicates that the new technology of diamond growth using MF may have incredible effect on CVD diamond production at low temperature and few hours. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114977_ea354f54841829c557af85ebc1d56d8c.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Synergistic Effects of Hydrogel Nanoparticles and Docetaxel for Prostate Cancer: A Review 762 770 114979 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.034 EN Saken Bazilbayev Department of Biochemistry, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ali M. Jaafar Abdulsahib Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Iraq Hanaa Nori Hanoon Department of Pharmacy, Al-Turath University, Iraq Hanen Mahmod Hulail Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Fadhil M. Abid Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq Sadi Shirshab Warka University College, Iraq Mohannad Abdulrazzaq Gati College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq Riadh Abdul Retha Abass Mazaya University College, Iraq Mamedov Umid Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Anvarov Furkatjon Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Kokand University, Fergana, Uzbekista Khudayberganov Khudaybergan Urgench State University, Urganch, Khorezm, Uzbekistan Matkarimov Inomjon Mamun University, Uzbekistan Zulxumorxon Boymatova Department of Social and Economic Sciences, Kokand University, Andijan Branch, Andijan, Uzbekistan Journal Article 2025 01 05 Prostate cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men worldwide, necessitating continuous advancements in therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes. Docetaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agent, has demonstrated significant efficacy in managing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, its clinical utility is frequently compromised by dose-dependent toxicity, suboptimal bioavailability, and the emergence of drug resistance. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have gained attention for their ability to enhance therapeutic precision, improve drug solubility, and reduce systemic side effects. Hydrogel nanoparticles offer a promising platform for encapsulating docetaxel, providing controlled and sustained drug release, improved tumor selectivity, and enhanced intracellular drug accumulation. This review examines the synergistic potential of hydrogel nanoparticles and docetaxel in prostate cancer therapy, highlighting mechanistic insights into improved drug delivery efficiency, apoptotic induction, and resistance mitigation. By integrating hydrogel nanoparticle-based formulations, the therapeutic index of docetaxel can be optimized, contributing to more effective and personalized prostate cancer treatment approaches.   https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114979_ad5eab05bf2c615aad141ec87efcee12.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Enhanced Wound Repair in Rats via a Chitosan-Based Transdermal Patch with Selenium Nanoparticles and Platelet-Rich Plasma 771 787 114982 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.035 EN Mohammad Amin Kaboli Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Dhiya Altememy Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq Alaa A. Hashim Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ahl AL-Bayt University, Karbala, Iraq Department of Anesthesia Techniques and Intensive Care, Al-Taff University College, Karbala, Iraq Elham Moghtadaei‑Khorasgani Department of Pathobiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Abdulhamid Alikhani Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Amir Mohamad Jannesari Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Narges Najafi Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Moosa Javdani Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Pegah Khosravian Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 27 The process of wound healing is complex and can be impaired by infection and inflammation. Chitosan (CS), selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have individually shown promise in promoting wound healing due to their regenerative and antioxidant properties. However, their combined use in a transdermal patch for synergistic effects remains underexplored. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel chitosan-based transdermal patch incorporating SeNPs and PRP to explore their collective effectiveness in facilitating wound healing in a rat model. Seventy-five male Wistar rats with 1.5 × 1.5 cm² wounds were divided into five groups: control, free patch, CS/SeNPs, CS/PRP, and CS/SeNPs/PRP. Patches were prepared by dissolving chitosan in acetic acid, adding propylene glycol, SeNPs, and PRP, and then freeze-drying. Wound healing was assessed on days 3, 7, and 21 using histopathology, cytokine expression, and fluorescent immunohistochemistry for vascular growth factors. The CS/SeNPs/PRP patch significantly outperformed other treatment groups in terms of wound closure rate (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed enhanced re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. The observed reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels, specifically TNF-α and IL-6, suggests an anti-inflammatory effect contributing to the overall improvement in wound healing outcomes. This novel transdermal patch combining the beneficial properties of CS, SeNPs, and PRP offers a promising therapeutic approach for promoting wound healing through accelerated tissue regeneration and modulation of inflammation. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114982_4c9d09f7d0a003984ee8010dad3f8bb3.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Multi-Amine Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNT-CPTMS-PEHA-Au) as Novel Nanocomposites for Investigation of Photothermal Chemotherapy 788 800 114984 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.036 EN Balzhan Azimkhanova Department of Biochemistry, NCJSC Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Elaaf Fadhil Hassan Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq Sadi Shirshab Warka University College, Iraq Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq Safa Jasim Tuama College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq Fatima Radhi Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq Shahad Ahmed Department of Nursing, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq Fathi Jihad Hammady Mazaya University College, Iraq Akhmedov Farkhod Department of “Nuclear Medicine and Medical Radiology”, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Norova Khurshida Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan Sharapov Ilhamberdi Ferghana Medical Institute of Public Health, Republic of Uzbekistan SHavkatov Khasan Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology №2, Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan Yoqubov Diyorbek Department of Fruits and Vegetables At the Urganch State University, Uzbekistan Journal Article 2025 01 09 In this study, a novel nanocomposite, CNT-CPTMS-PEHA-Au, was synthesized through a multi-step surface functionalization strategy aimed at enhancing photothermal chemotherapy efficacy. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first oxidized to introduce functional groups, followed by silanization with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (3-CPTMS) and subsequent attachment of pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) to graft amino functionalities. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were then uniformly deposited onto the functionalized CNT surface via in situ reduction of HAuCl₄ with sodium borohydride, resulting in a stable nanocomposite exhibiting well-dispersed AuNPs approximately 40–50 nm in size. Characterization through FE-SEM and FT-IR confirmed the morphological integrity, successful surface modifications, and gold loading. The nanocomposite demonstrated rapid and stable in vitro photothermal conversion, reaching a maximum temperature of 47.8 °C within 10 minutes under 808 nm laser irradiation at 1.5 W/cm², with excellent thermal stability over consecutive cycles. Biological evaluation using MCF-7 cells revealed significant temperature-dependent cytotoxicity, with up to 67% cell death at 50 μg/mL post-irradiation. These results underscore the potential of CNT-CPTMS-PEHA-Au as an efficient, stable, and targeted platform for minimally invasive photothermal cancer therapy, while highlighting challenges related to in vivo translation and scalable synthesis. Future studies should focus on targeting specificity and biocompatibility enhancements for clinical viability. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114984_ae70650046a3c014622b40a7730053e9.pdf

University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Preparation and Evaluation of Nimesulide Nanosuspension as Hydrogel Dosage Form 802 813 114988 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.037 EN Malath H. Oudah Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq Fatimah M.H Wais Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq Yasmien A. Salal Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq Hyder K. Abbas College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 03 Topical drug administration is a technique of applying different dosage forms, including ointments, creams, hydrogels, to the skin and different sections of the body, it has systemic or local effect. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication with strong analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties, it was used in this research and prepared as nanoparticles, which was then incorporated into hydrogel for topical application, to increase solubility of Nimesulide, which is class II in BSC, and reduce their systemic side effects. Nimesulide nanosuspension were prepared by solvent/antisovent method at different polymer: drug ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) using polymers as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-K15, PVP-K30), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-E5) and poloxamer-188. The effect of polymer type and concentration on the particle size, poly dispersity index, specific surface area was studied. Among twelve prepared formulas, F2 was selected as best formulas with an average particle size of 59. 5 nm. It was lyophilized and investigated for surface morphology by FESEM, drug–excipients compatibility studies by DSC, crystalline state by XRPD and then Nimesulide nanosuspension of F2(1%w/w Carbopol) was formulated into hydrogel dosage forms and subjected for further evaluation. The results indicated that particle size of nanosuspension was found to be affected by type and concentration of polymer and when increase polymer: drug more than 1:1 led to increase particle size.  In addition, the release profile of F2 hydrogel formula was better than plain Nimesulide hydrogel. From this, it is concluded that the dissolution rate of Nimesulide nanosuspension was increased through particle size reduction to nanometer size.<br />  https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114988_9b97d3e2be2e2fbde425c7c14304e930.pdf