University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 1 2025 01 01 Adsorptive Removal of Copper Ions from Water by HCl-Activated Coconut Shell Carbon with Micro/Nanoscale Surface Features 326 335 114824 10.22052/JNS.2025.01.031 EN Hasan Sabeeh Jabur Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Al-Muthana, Al-Muthana, Iraq Ahmed Mesehour Refaas Almuthana director, Ministry of education, Iraq Safaa Mustafa Hameed Department of Optics Technologies, College of Health and Medical Technology, Sawa University, Almuthana, Iraq Uday Abdul-Reda Hussein Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Iraq Usama S. Altimari Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Aseel M. Aljeboree Department of chemistry, College of sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq Ayad Fadhil Alkaim Department of chemistry, College of sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2024 09 28 Activated carbon as a micro/Nano surface, a cost-effective adsorbent derived from coconut shells, was utilized to remove Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The preparation process of activated carbon involves using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid followed by carbonization. Several techniques, including FESEM, TEM, and XRD, characterized the activated carbon. The activated carbon exhibited a network of cavities and a mesoporous structure, characterized by a rough surface with irregularly sized pores. Some pores were blocked by carbon and other impurities, such as silicon. The activated carbon’s surface chemistry exhibited various functional groups associated with acidic properties. The adsorption capacity for Cu(II) ions was significantly influenced by factors such as the initial pH of the solution, concentration, contact time, and the mass of the adsorbent. Indicate that as the activated carbon weight increased from 0.01 to 0.1 g, the adsorption capacity for Cu(II) gradually decreased, while the removal rate increased significantly.  Endothermic adsorption involves an increase in adsorption that is directly proportional to temperature, resulting from the rise in the number of adsorption sites with increasing temperature. Investigations into equilibrium revealed a Freundlich isotherm model, with R² values greater than 0.9654. This finding indicates that coconut shells can be effectively transformed into activated carbon, which is suitable for removing Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114824_d04010e19098cc56a289e38291e0a11a.pdf