University of Kashan Journal of Nanostructures 2251-7871 15 2 2025 04 01 Formulation and Evaluation of Telmisartan Nanoparticles via the Evaporative Antisolvent Precipitation Technique 407 413 114776 10.22052/JNS.2025.02.002 EN Hasanain Shakir Mahmood Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq ARCPMS, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Masar Basim Mohsin Mohamed Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Hussein Abdelamir Mohammad Pharmaceutics Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisyiah, Diwaniya, Iraq Jinan AL-Mousawy Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Maryam H. Alaayedi Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Alaa Abdulrazzaq AL- Nuaimi Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq Mustafa H. AL-Hamadani Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Mohammed Baqer Majed Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq Pegah Khosravian Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2025 02 28 Telmisartan is an antihypertensive agent belongs to angiotensin II receptor blockers which is used to alleviate hypertension and cardiovascular disorders owing to its effective competitive blockade of the AT1 receptor. According to the biopharmaceutical classification system, telmisartan is a class II drug with low solubility and high permeability. NPs are generally defined as carriers with sizes ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter that can encapsulate or absorb drugs and deliver them to the desired region. Nanoparticles are considered one of the most promising recent techniques for improving the solubility of Class II drugs. Telmisartan nanoparticles were prepared via an evaporative antisolvent precipitation technique. Telmisartan (100 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM; 10 ml of dichloromethane). The polymers (PEG, PVA, or PVP) were dissolved in 100 ml of water at different concentrations via a magnetic stirrer until a homogenous solution was obtained. The drug mixture was then stirred until nanoparticles formed. Formula F2 which composed of 100 mg telmisartan and PVP as stabilizer in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml has the lowest average particle size (259 nm) and this could be due to the high affinity of PVP for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, indicating that PVP has a relatively high affinity for telmisartan. Telmisartan nanoparticles were synthesized via antisolvent precipitation. At different concentrations, the PVP, PVA, and PEG stabilizers produced nanoparticles. Unlike conventional telmisartan, the synthesized nanoparticles were released wholly and rapidly.<br />Methods: Telmisartan nanoparticles were prepared via an evaporative antisolvent precipitation technique. Telmisartan (100 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM; 10 ml of dichloromethane). The polymers (PEG, PVA, or PVP) were dissolved in 100 ml of water at different concentrations via a magnetic stirrer until a homogenous solution was obtained. The drug mixture was then stirred until nanoparticles formed.<br />Results: Formula F2 which composed of 100 mg telmisartan and PVP as stabilizer in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml has the lowest average particle size (259 nm) and this could be due to the high affinity of PVP for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, indicating that PVP has a relatively high affinity for telmisartan.<br />Conclusions: Telmisartan nanoparticles were synthesized via antisolvent precipitation. At different concentrations, the PVP, PVA, and PEG stabilizers produced nanoparticles. Unlike conventional telmisartan, the synthesized nanoparticles were released wholly and rapidly. https://jns.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114776_a44a6393b0e63b02cca8a6412c5c5db5.pdf